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  1. Development of natural dye photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: a review
    Triyanto A, Ali N, Salleh H, Setiawan J, Yatim NI
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Apr 22.
    PMID: 38649606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33360-4
    Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that can be produced from natural source pigments or natural dyes. The selection of natural dyes for DSSC application is currently under research. The utilization of natural dye materials that are easy to obtain, cost-effective, and non-toxic can reduce waste during DSSC fabrication. Natural dyes can be extracted from plants through extraction and chromatography methods. The suitability and viability of utilizing natural dyes as photosensitizers in DSSCs can be predicted using appropriate software simulation by varying related parameters to produce high power conversion efficiency. In this context, the purpose of the review is to highlight the evolution of performance improvement in the development of DSSCs with consideration of natural dye extraction and software simulation. This review also focuses on the results of extracting natural dyes from herbal ingredients, which are still very limited in information, and several parts of herbal plants that can be used as natural dye sources in the future of solid-state DSSCs have been identified. Based on the results of this review, the highest efficiency was obtained for the DSSC that used chlorophyll pigments as natural dyes using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves with 6.07%, followed by anthocyanin pigments as natural dyes using raspberries (black) fruits with 1.5%, flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Curcuma longa herbs with 0.64%, and flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Indigofera tinctoria flowers with 0.46%.
  2. Vitamin D ameliorates memory function in association with reducing senescence and upregulating neurotrophin mRNA expression in transient global cerebral ischemic injury model in rats
    Melindah T, Sari DCR, Setiawan J, Alex, Thamrin MM, Zahra F, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Aug;79(Suppl 4):51-57.
    PMID: 39215415
    INTRODUCTION: Ischaemic stroke induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation and senescence and the decrease of cognitive function. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a neuroprotective effect to repair the function of the nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on memory function, p16, p21 (senescence), and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression on the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemic.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as quasiexperimental with a control group that only received posttests. We performed in vivo study with an induction bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model and vitamin D injection for 10 days. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): Sham operation (SO [control]), BCCAO (transient global cerebral ischemic model not given vitamin D), VD1 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.125 μg/kgBW), and VD2 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.5 μg/kgBW). The spatial memory function was tested with the Morris water maze. We performed immunohistochemistry to localise p16 expression. p16, p21 and NGF mRNA expression were assessed by reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) method.

    RESULTS: The vitamin D treatment group required shorter mileage to find the platform and probe test. The total time spent was longer in the target quadrant than in non-target. The Vitamin D-treated group had lower p16 and p21 mRNA expression and higher NGF mRNA expression than the BCCAO group. Immunostaining showed p16 signal in the pyramidal cell of CA1 area in the BCCAO group.

    CONCLUSION: Vitamin D repairs memory function, senescence expression was lower and NGF was higher in the BCCAO model.

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