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  1. Effect of salinities on gastric emptying and nutrient absorption of tiger grouper × giant grouper (epinephelus fuscoguttatus × e. Lanceolatus) hybrid
    Noorashikin Md Noor, Simon Kumar Das, Zaidi Che Cob, Mazlan Abd. Ghaffar
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1077-1084.
    The effects of salinity on the gastric emptying time (GET) and absorption of nutrient along the alimentary tract of tiger
    grouper (TG) × giant grouper (GG) (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) hybrid were studied. Juveniles TG×GG
    hybrid grouper (10.0 ± 0.5 cm total length; 50.5 ± 2.0 g) were reared in different salinities (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 parts per
    thousand (ppt)) and fed with commercial pellet diet during the 60-day experimental period. The fish were then slaughtered
    sequentially at different time intervals after initial feeding to obtain GET. Our results showed that low salinity (10-20 ppt)
    lead to a shorter GET in the hybrid grouper. The shortest and longest GETs were observed in 15 ppt (12 h) and 30 ppt (18
    h) treatments, respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) using ash contents was measured to determine the
    absorption of nutrient in each treatment. The absorption of macronutrient in TG×GG hybrid grouper was increased as
    the salinity decreased. The highest absorption occurred in 15 ppt (72% protein, 75% lipid, 68% carbohydrate and 74%
    energy) while the lowest absorption occurred in 30 ppt (59% protein, 64% lipid, 34% carbohydrate and 55% energy).
    The findings of this study suggested that 15 ppt salinity facilitates faster digestion and maximize the nutrient absorption
    of TG×GG hybrid and may enhance the growth rate of this newly developed grouper species.
  2. Landmark-based Morphometric and Meristic variations of endangered Mrigal Carp, Cirrhinus Cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), from wild and hatchery stocks
    Dhiman Gain, Mahfuj M, Islam S, Minar M, Goutham-Bharathi M, Simon Kumar Das
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:695-702.
    Wild stocks of endangered mrigal carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), continues to decline rapidly in the Indo-Ganges river basin. With an objective to evaluate its population status, landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations among three different stocks viz., hatchery (Jessore), baor (Gopalganj) and river (Faridpur) in Bangladesh were studied. Significant differences were observed in 10 of the 15 morphometric measurements viz., head length, standard length, fork length, length of base of spinous, pre-orbital length, eye length, post-orbital length, length of upper jaw, height of pelvic fin and barbel length, two of the 8 meristic counts viz., scales above the lateral line and pectoral fin rays and 10 of the 22 truss network measurements viz., 1 to 10, 2 to 3, 2 to 8, 2 to 9, 2 to 10, 3 to 4, 3 to 8, 4 to 5, 4 to 7 and 9 to 10 among the stocks. For morphometric and landmark measurements, the 1st discriminant function (DF) accounted for 58.1% and the 2nd DF accounted for 41.9% of the among-group variability. In discriminant space, the river stock was isolated from the other two stocks. On the other hand, baor and hatchery stocks formed a very compact cluster. A dendrogram based on the hierarchical cluster analysis using morphometric and truss distance data placed the hatchery and baor in one cluster and the river in another cluster and the distance between the river and hatchery populations was the highest. Morphological differences among stocks are expected, because of their geographical isolation and their origin from different ancestors. The baseline information derived from the present study would be useful for genetic studies and in the assessment of environmental impacts on C. cirrhosus populations in Bangladesh.
  3. Hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced liver injury in male rats
    Rahim SM, Taha EM, Al-janabi MS, Al-douri BI, Simon KD, Mazlan AG
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2014;11(2):447-51.
    PMID: 25435631
    BACKGROUND: Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) a tropical perennial herb plant that is widely cultivated to be eaten either fresh with food or dried in tea or soft drink has been reported to possess a number of medicinal and aromatic properties. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of C. citratus aqueous extract against liver injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in male rats.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five different groups of five animals in each group; (1) Control. (2) Received H2O2 (0.5%) with drinking water. (3), and (4) received H2O2 and C. citratus (100 mg·kg(-1) b wt), vitamin C (250 mg·kg(-1) b wt) respectively. (5), was given C. citratus alone. The treatments were administered for 30 days. Blood samples were collected and serum was used for biochemical assay including liver enzymes activities, total protein, total bilirubin and malonaldehyde, glutathione in serum and liver homogenates. Liver was excised and routinely processed for histological examinations.

    RESULTS: C. citratus attenuated liver damage due to H2O2 administration as indicated by the significant reduction (p<0.05), in the elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TB, and MDA in serum and liver homogenates; increase in TP and GSH levels in serum and liver homogenates; and improvement of liver histo-pathological changes. These effects of the extract were similar to that of vitamin C which used as antioxidant reference.

    CONCLUSION: C. citratus could effectively ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative stress and prevent liver injury in male rats.

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