Material and Methods: We retrospectively analysed radiographic data of 300 patients from a tertiary hospital's geriatric hip fracture database who underwent either hip hemi-arthroplasties or total hip arthroplasties. Proximal femur morphological measurements were recorded, analysed and compared to that of commonly used femoral stems. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare age and gender related differences.
Results: A total of 18.3% of the study population had a medial femoral offset (MFO) of less than 30mm, which is the smallest available offset for the implants studied. 22.6% of female and 3% of male subjects had MFOs that were less than 30mm. In our subgroup analysis, males had significantly larger femoral head diameters, MFO and vertical femoral offsets compared to females. Older subjects (75-90 years old) had significantly smaller femoral head diameters, vertical femoral offsets and neck shaft angles compared to younger subjects (60-75 years old).
Conclusion: Commonly used femoral stem implants have measurements that do not suit our Chinese population with small medial femoral offsets. In addition, elderly males have significantly larger femoral head diameters, medial and vertical femoral offsets whereas older subjects have significantly smaller femoral head diameters, vertical femoral offsets and neck shaft angles.
STUDY DESIGN: A non-randomized prospectively collected patients over a three year period, with complaints of nose congestion, rhinorrhea and/or nasal discharge.
RESULTS: There were 435 patients enrolled, 213 children and 222 adults. The children group had a high prevalence of allergen specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteryonysinus (70%), Dermatophagoides farina (69%), and Blomia tropicalis (55%); followed by dogs (32%), cats (19%) and cockroaches (19%). In the children food allergy category, the top three allergens were egg white (54%), milk (31%) and soya bean (13%). The adult group had results of Dermatophagoides pteryonysinus (71%), Dermatophagoides farina (72%), and Blomia tropicalis (59%); the adult food allergy category, the top 3 allergens were egg white (13%), milk (6%) and soya bean (5%). There was a statistically significant difference in the child and adult group for Dust, D. pteryonysinus, D. farina, B.tropicalis, egg white, wheat, gluten and soya bean. In the age specific child groups, there was an increased in egg food allergy levels, with a peak at the age of five-nine years old and decreasing thereafter (p=0.04). In the children group, the mean Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was 10.3 (range of 7 to 13); the adult group was similar, with a mean TNSS of 9.8 (range 5 to 12).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of food allergy in paediatric patients with allergic rhinitis is fairly high and should be considered when treating these children.