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STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUSES IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. SEROLOGICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

STANLEY NF, CHOO SB

Bull World Health Organ, 1964;30(2):221-6.
PMID: 14153411

In order to obtain information on the occurrence of arboviruses in Western Australia, sera from white persons and Australian aborigines and from animals were subjected to antibody estimations with selected viruses as a prelude to virus isolations. The serological evidence shows the presence of group A and group B arboviruses but significant differences in antibody distribution between the two groups. Antibodies to group A viruses, particularly to the Malayan mosquito virus AMM 2354, are present in both the aboriginal and the white populations over the entire territory. Neutralizing antibody to another group A virus, AMM 2021, isolated in Malaya, is found in much lower prevalence, while antibodies to the newly isolated Queensland group A virus, MRM 39, are found only in the Kimberley area. No avian group A antibodies were detected. The prevalence of group B antibodies is high in the northern part of the State and almost non-existent in the central areas. The results indicate the presence of more than one group B virus and the absence of dengue neutralizing antibody in the Australian aborigine. A unique situation exists in central Australia, where all aboriginal sera have group A antibody but none has group B antibody.
Fulltext Synthesis, molecular and crystal structure analysis of 1-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl)indole-3-carbaldehyde and DFT investigation of its rotational conformers

Zukerman-Schpector J, Madureira LS, Wulf GD, Stefani HA, Vasconcelos SN, Ng SW, et al.

Molecules, 2014;19(2):1990-2003.
PMID: 24531216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021990

Two independent molecules that differ in terms of rotation about the central S-N bond comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound 1. The molecules have a V-shape with the dihedral angles between the fused ring system and benzene ring being 79.08(6)° and 72.83(5)°, respectively. The packing is mostly driven by p···p interactions occurring between the tolyl ring of one molecule and the C6 ring of the indole fused ring system of the other. DFT and IRC calculations for these and related 1-(arylsulfonyl)indole molecules showed that the rotational barrier about the S-N bond between conformers is within the 2.5-5.5 kcal/mol range. Crystal data for C16H13NO3S (1): Mr = 299.33, space group Pna21, a = 19.6152(4) Å, b = 11.2736(4) Å, c = 12.6334(3) Å, V = 2793.67(13) Å3, Z = 8, Z' = 2, R = 0.034.
Fulltext Crystal structure of 2-amino-pyridinium 6-chloro-nicotinate

Jasmine NJ, Rajam A, Muthiah PT, Stanley N, Razak IA, Rosli MM

Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Sep 01;71(Pt 9):o655-6.
PMID: 26396888 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015014796

In the title salt, C5H7N(+)·C6H3ClNO(-), the 2-amino-pyri-din-ium cation inter-acts with the carboxyl-ate group of the 6-chloro-nicotinate anion through a pair of independent N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 (2)(8) ring motif. In the crystal, these dimeric units are connected further via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001]. In addition, weak C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, together with weak π-π inter-actions, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.6560 (5) and 3.6295 (5) Å, connect the chains, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).
Career Intentions and the Determining Factors among Health Science Students: A Systematic Review

Stanley N, Binti Bakar RS, Cheng KY, Nwedu AB, Binti Hassan II

Creat Nurs, 2023 Feb;29(1):65-97.
PMID: 37551007 DOI: 10.1177/107845352202900113

BACKGROUND: Health systemsneed adequate personnelin order to function; improvements in health-care services delivery, and coverage and the enjoyment of standard healthcare as a right, depend on the availability, mixture, quality, and accessibility of the health-care workforce.
PURPOSE: This review aimed to synthesize reliable evidence ondetermining factors among health science students' career choices to enhance policy advocacy for better health-care delivery.
METHOD: We sourced empirical studies from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. From a total of 9,056 researcharticlesfrom 2010 to 2022, 27 studies with a total of 45,832 respondents met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The majority of the studies were of medical students; internal medicine was the commonest choice (64.3%), with psychiatry and public health receiving lesser attention. In the four available studies of nursing students, midwifery was not chosen at all. There is a paucity of studies on this all-important concept for nursing students. The determining factors of choice of specialty were in four themes: personal, socioeconomic, professional, and educational/policy. Among the barriers to choosing particular specialties were low prestige among colleagues, stigma, long working hours, and poor public recognition.
CONCLUSION: The career choices of health science students do not reflect an adequate mix of health-care team members to meet the health-care needs of the world. Reforms of policy and educational training are needed.