Titanium dioxide (TiO2), porphyrin and TiO2 coated with dye porphyrin thin films were prepared on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) using sol-gel dip coating method and were tested for sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The porphyrin used was 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride (MnTPPCl). The sensing sensitivity was based on the change in the fundamental frequency of the QCM upon exposure towards six vapor samples, namely ethanol, acetone, cyclohexane, toluene, o-xylene and 2-propanol. It was found that all the thin films were sensitive towards all the vapors. However, the TiO2 coated MnTPPCl thin film exhibit the most sensitive and has good selectivity property.
Alcohol is an organic solvent that generally used in research and industry especially in food, pharmaceutical and beverage products. It is also reported widely used in cosmetic industries to produce cosmetic products such as perfume, skin care and personal care products. However, the discussions on shariah and alcohol issue are still very limited. Thus, the main focus of the present study is to analyze the status of alcohol in shariah by focusing on analyzing history of alcohol. Furthermore, issues related to alcohol in Islam were also discussed in this article.