Digital elevation model (DEM) generation from stereo images is an effective and economical method in topography mapping. This paper used the stereo pair methodology to generate the digital elevation model (DEM) from PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument Satellite) sensor which is onboard of ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite). The pair of forward-backward is used as stereoscopic imagery in this study. Ten ground control points (GCPs) are collected with residual error 0.49 pixels to generate an absolute DEM. This generated DEM with 2.5 m spatial resolution is then matched with the 90 m spatial resolution of
SRTM (Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM to compare the result. Although SRTM-DEM has a much coarser resolution, the positional accuracy of the matching is found. The difference of the height from the mean sea level (MSL) between the SRTM-DEM and the PRISM-DEM is analyzed and the correlation between the two DEMs is R²=0.8083. The accuracy of the DEM generated is given by the RMSE value of 0.8991 meter.
The Hypoglycaemia Symptom Rating Questionnaire (HypoSRQ) is potentially
useful for local research on hypoglycaemia. However, it requires adaptation and
validation in local settings. This study reports the process and results of cross-cultural
adaptation and linguistic validation of HypoSRQ for Malay and English versions in
our local setting. The HypoSRQ underwent forward and backward translation and
adaptation with support from professional translators and a clinical psychologist.
Cognitive debriefing was done among patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
mellitus from varying sociodemographic backgrounds. Discussion was done
together with the original developers of the HypoSRQ to decide on the best version
for local use. The finalised versions were proofread and formatted with the help
of Health Psychology Research. Cognitive debriefing for Malay version involved 7
patients and for the English version5 patients. Direct literal translation into Malay
language was unsuitable due to technical terms which were difficult for laypersons
to understand. Amendments were made based on findings from the cognitive
debriefing process. Participants found the questionnaire fairly easy to understand.
The HypoSRQ-My (Malay) and HypoSRQ-EMy (English) is easily understood by
local participants. These tools may undergo psychometric evaluation for future
use in local settings.