Introduction: In the military, different aspects of job satisfaction are taken into account as compared to the civilian workforce. Some of the job satisfaction is related to as the working environment, nature of work and task, military operations and organizational traditions (e.g. obedience, policies and military disciplines). All these job stressors have an influence on the job satisfaction. Therefore, the military cannot be regarded as a normal and traditional work setting. The objectives of this study were to determine the differences of occupational stressors among submariners and surface ship personnel, the job satisfaction itself and to find a relationship between job satisfaction and occupational stressors among those two groups of occupation.
Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, self-administered NIOSH (USA) Generic Job Stress Questionnaire was used as a tool to measure occupational stressors and job satisfaction among 50 submariners and 48 surface ship personnel.
Results: The response rate was 98%. The result showed that there are statistically significant difference in the means in terms of job stressors among submariners and surface ship crews except for the conflict at work (P=0.03) and job requirement (P=0.01). Simple linear regression analysis shows that only mental demands had significant relationship with job satisfaction (P
Antenatal (AN) care is vital for all pregnant women and for reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity. AN care knowledge and specific AN care practices are some of the crucial components of what determines effective AN care. In developing nations, the health of pregnant women can be even more sensitive to these factors. Objectives of this study was to assess the antenatal (AN) care practice and pregnancy outcome of ever-married women aged 18 to 49 years old having at least one pregnancy experience ,residing in kampongs of Sikuati area, Kudat between March to December 2015. Cross–sectional descriptive study, non-probability convenient sampling method was used and 150 eligible participants were interviewed through face to face by trained interviewers using a semi-structured questionnaire and their knowledge of AN care, their AN care practices and outcomes and complications of their pregnancies were recorded. 99% of all the women received AN care, and 64% of the women received essential AN care practice (AN visit of minimum 4 times). The study revealed that overall knowledge amongst the women with good knowledge was 48% and low knowledge was 52%. Despite this, it was found that low knowledge of AN care was associated with essential AN care practice. Additionally, AN care practices, assessed through timing of first AN care visit and frequency of visits, was not significantly associated with pregnancy complications. Despite these results, outcomes were good and all complications were properly and successfully addressed. This may reflect the effectiveness of current programs in place promoting importance of AN care and delivery practices. Maintenance of current programs with targeted interventions to address low knowledge level and the low level of compliance with essential AN care completed are recommended..