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  1. Fulltext Detailed Anatomical Volumetric Study of Deep Nuclei of Brain and Other Structures Between Parkinson's Disease Patients Who Had Deep Brain Stimulation and Control Group
    Goh CH, Abdullah JY, Idris Z, Ghani ARI, Abdullah JM, Wong ASH, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 May;27(3):53-60.
    PMID: 32684806 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.6
    Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was pioneered by Neuroscience team of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) nearly a decade ago to treat advanced medically refractory idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients.

    Objectives: Brain volume reduction occurs with age, especially in Parkinson plus syndrome or psychiatric disorders. We searched to define the degree of volume discrepancy in advanced IPD patients and correlate the anatomical volumetric changes to motor symptoms and cognitive function.

    Methods: We determined the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry of deep brain nuclei and brain structures of DBS-IPD group and matched controls.

    Results: DBS-IPD group had significant deep nuclei atrophy and volume discrepancy, yet none had cognitive or psychobehavioural disturbances. Globus pallidus volume showed positive correlation to higher mental function.

    Conclusion: The morphometric changes and clinical severity discrepancy in IPD may imply a more complex degenerative mechanism involving multiple neural pathways. Such alteration could be early changes before clinical manifestation.

  2. Fulltext Surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections linked to single introduction of a virus strain in Myanmar, 2020
    Nyunt MH, Soe HO, Aye KT, Aung WW, Kyaw YY, Kyaw AK, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 May 13;11(1):10203.
    PMID: 33986354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89361-7
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major health concern globally. Genomic epidemiology is an important tool to assess the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mutations have been reported by genome analysis of the SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we investigated the mutational and phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole-genome sequences for the virus's genomic characteristics in the specimens collected in the early phase of the pandemic (March-June, 2020) and the sudden surge of local transmission (August-September, 2020). The four samples in the early phase of infection were B.6 lineage and located within a clade of the samples collected at the same time in Singapore and Malaysia, while five returnees by rescue flights showed the lineage B. 1.36.1 (three from India), B.1.1 (one from India) and B.1.80 (one from China). However, there was no evidence of local spread from these returnees. Further, all 19 whole-genome sequences collected in the sudden surge of local transmission showed lineage B.1.36. The surge of the second wave on SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to the single-introduction of a variant (B.1.36) that may result from the strict restriction of international travel and containment efforts. These genomic data provides the useful information to disease control and prevention strategy.
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