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Fugacity model covering abiotic and biotic matrices to investigate the transfer and fate of perfluoroalkyl acids in a large shallow lake of eastern China

Chu K, Ye F, Sereyvatanak KY, Zhang X, Li Q, Lu Y, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2024 Sep 02.
PMID: 39233071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175997

Solving the challenges faced during the measurement of the cross-interface transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in lakes is crucial for clarifying environmental behaviours of these chemicals and their efficient governance. This study developed a multimedia fugacity model based on the quantitative water-air-sediment interaction (QWASI) covering abiotic/biotic matrices to investigate the cross-interface transfer and fate of PFAAs in Luoma Lake, a typical PFAA-contaminated shallow lake in eastern China. The accuracy and reliability of the established model were confirmed using Percent bias and Monte Carlo simulation, respectively. Using the QWASI model, the multimedia transfer of the PFAAs and their accumulation and persistence in different sub-compartments were described and measured, and the differences among individual PFAAs were explored. The simulation results showed that the sedimentation and resuspension of PFAAs were the most intense cross-interfacial transfers, and the sediments served as a chemical sink in the long term. A significant negative correlation of NC-F (the number of CF bonds) with the relative outflow flux (TW·out-ct) but a positive correlation with the relative net transfer across the interface between water and aquatic plants (Tp-ct) was detected, indicating that the PFAA migration capacity decreased but the bioaccumulation potential increased with the CF bond number. The persistence in water (Pw) of individual PFAAs ranged from 19.65d (PFOA) to 32.22d (PFOS), with an average of 26.15d; their persistence in sediment (Ps) ranged from 432d (PFBA) to 3216d (PFOS), with an average of 1524d, increasing linearly with an increase in NC-F. The water advection flows into and out of the lake (QW·in and QW·out), the PFAA concentration of water inflow (CW·in), and bioconcentration factor of aquatic plants (BCFp) were the primary parameters sensitive to PFAAs in all sub-compartments, which are essential indexes for exploring promising remediation pathways for lacustrine PFAA contamination based on the fugacity model simulation.
Fulltext Capacity for the management of kidney failure in the International Society of Nephrology Oceania and South East Asia (OSEA) region: report from the 2023 ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA)

Francis A, Wainstein M, Irish G, Abdul Hafidz MI, Chen T, Cho Y, et al.

Kidney Int Suppl (2011), 2024 Apr;13(1):110-122.
PMID: 38618497 DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2024.01.004

The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) region of Oceania and South East Asia (OSEA) is a mix of high- and low-income countries, with diversity in population demographics and densities. Three iterations of the ISN-Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) have been conducted, aiming to deliver in-depth assessments of global kidney care across the spectrum from early detection of CKD to treatment of kidney failure. This paper reports the findings of the latest ISN-GKHA in relation to kidney-care capacity in the OSEA region. Among the 30 countries and territories in OSEA, 19 (63%) participated in the ISN-GKHA, representing over 97% of the region's population. The overall prevalence of treated kidney failure in the OSEA region was 1203 per million population (pmp), 45% higher than the global median of 823 pmp. In contrast, kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in the OSEA region was less available than the global median (chronic hemodialysis, 89% OSEA region vs. 98% globally; peritoneal dialysis, 72% vs. 79%; kidney transplantation, 61% vs. 70%). Only 56% of countries could provide access to dialysis to at least half of people with incident kidney failure, lower than the global median of 74% of countries with available dialysis services. Inequalities in access to KRT were present across the OSEA region, with widespread availability and low out-of-pocket costs in high-income countries and limited availability, often coupled with large out-of-pocket costs, in middle- and low-income countries. Workforce limitations were observed across the OSEA region, especially in lower-middle-income countries. Extensive collaborative work within the OSEA region and globally will help close the noted gaps in kidney-care provision.
Fulltext Mendelian Randomization Analysis of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Ghoneim DH, Zhu J, Zheng W, Long J, Murff HJ, Ye F, et al.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2020 Dec;29(12):2735-2739.
PMID: 32967863 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0651

BACKGROUND: Whether circulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are associated with pancreatic cancer risk is uncertain. Mendelian randomization (MR) represents a study design using genetic instruments to better characterize the relationship between exposure and outcome.
METHODS: We utilized data from genome-wide association studies within the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium and Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium, involving approximately 9,269 cases and 12,530 controls of European descent, to evaluate associations between pancreatic cancer risk and genetically predicted plasma n-6 PUFA levels. Conventional MR analyses were performed using individual-level and summary-level data.
RESULTS: Using genetic instruments, we did not find evidence of associations between genetically predicted plasma n-6 PUFA levels and pancreatic cancer risk [estimates per one SD increase in each PUFA-specific weighted genetic score using summary statistics: linoleic acid odds ratio (OR) = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.02; arachidonic acid OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99-1.01; and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87-1.02]. The OR estimates remained virtually unchanged after adjustment for covariates, using individual-level data or summary statistics, or stratification by age and sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that variations of genetically determined plasma n-6 PUFA levels are not associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
IMPACT: These results suggest that modifying n-6 PUFA levels through food sources or supplementation may not influence risk of pancreatic cancer.
Fulltext Genetic Data from Nearly 63,000 Women of European Descent Predicts DNA Methylation Biomarkers and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk

Yang Y, Wu L, Shu X, Lu Y, Shu XO, Cai Q, et al.

Cancer Res, 2019 Feb 01;79(3):505-517.
PMID: 30559148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2726

DNA methylation is instrumental for gene regulation. Global changes in the epigenetic landscape have been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. However, the role of DNA methylation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. In this study, high-density genetic and DNA methylation data in white blood cells from the Framingham Heart Study (N = 1,595) were used to build genetic models to predict DNA methylation levels. These prediction models were then applied to the summary statistics of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ovarian cancer including 22,406 EOC cases and 40,941 controls to investigate genetically predicted DNA methylation levels in association with EOC risk. Among 62,938 CpG sites investigated, genetically predicted methylation levels at 89 CpG were significantly associated with EOC risk at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 7.94 × 10-7. Of them, 87 were located at GWAS-identified EOC susceptibility regions and two resided in a genomic region not previously reported to be associated with EOC risk. Integrative analyses of genetic, methylation, and gene expression data identified consistent directions of associations across 12 CpG, five genes, and EOC risk, suggesting that methylation at these 12 CpG may influence EOC risk by regulating expression of these five genes, namely MAPT, HOXB3, ABHD8, ARHGAP27, and SKAP1. We identified novel DNA methylation markers associated with EOC risk and propose that methylation at multiple CpG may affect EOC risk via regulation of gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of novel DNA methylation markers associated with EOC risk suggests that methylation at multiple CpG may affect EOC risk through regulation of gene expression.