The genus Cryptopsocus Li, 2002 is synonymized with Trichadenotecnum Enderlein, 1909. The type species of Crypto-psocus, T. cynostigmus (Li, 2002) n. comb., is considered to be a close relative of T. marginatum New & Thornton, 1976. These species cannot be assigned to any species group previously established in Trichadenotecnum so that the marginatum species group is here proposed for them. Three new species belonging to this species group are described: T. tigrinum and T. sharkeyi from Thailand and T. sabahense from Sabah, Malaysia. The phylogenetic position of the marginatum group is discussed using morphological data.
Species of the bark louse genus Trichadenotecnum Enderlein (Insecta: Psocodea) from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore are revised with illustrations and identification keys. Twenty species are here recognised, with four new species and ten recorded for the first time from this region, together with an unnamed species represented by a single female. The previously described species T. marginatum New & Thornton is not included because its generic assignment is questionable. Females of T. cinnamonum Endang & New, T. imrum New & Thornton and T. sibolangitense Endang, Thornton & New, and the male of T. kerinciense Endang & New are described for the first time. A new species group is defined for T. krucilense Endang, Thornton & New.
Three new species of the uncommonly encountered insect order Zoraptera are described and figured from Peninsular Malaysia--Zorotypus magnicaudelli sp. n., Zorotypus cervicornis sp. n., and Zorotypus impolitus sp. n. Another species from the region, identified as Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927, was also collected and is reevaluated herein based on new material. A brief discussion of characters used in zorapteran systematics is provided, and a key to the species of Peninsular Malaysia provided. This is the first report for the order Zoraptera from Peninsular Malaysia.
Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant, known for its positive effects on physical and mental performance. These effects are potentially beneficial for ameliorating cancer-related fatigue, which affects the quality of life of patients with cancer. This study aimed to determine the anti-fatigue and antitumor effects of caffeine in tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c mice were intravenously injected with C26 colon carcinoma cells and fed with normal or 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet. Fatigue-like behavior was assessed by running performance using a treadmill test. Lung, blood, liver, muscle, and epididymal adipose tissue samples were collected on day 13 and examined. The antitumor effect of caffeine was assessed using subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice fed with 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet, and the tumor volume was measured. C26 tumor-bearing mice showed fatigue-like behavior associated with hypoglycemia, depleted liver glycogen and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. C26 tumor-bearing mice fed with 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet showed improved running performance associated with restored NEFA levels. However, exacerbated hypoglycemia and liver glycogen levels after caffeine consumption may be due to tumor-induced catabolic signals, as the tumor volume was not affected. Collectively, caffeine may exert anti-fatigue effects through enhanced lipolysis leading to restored NEFA levels, which can be used as an alternative energy source.