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The usefulness of limited placental sampling in stillbirths

Hayati AR, Khong TY, Zainul R

Malays J Pathol, 1998 Dec;20(2):99-102.
PMID: 10879270

144 placentas were sampled from all cases of stillbirth weighing 500 g and above seen over a period of thirteen months in the UKM Unit of the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Sampling was limited to 1-3 blocks per placenta for histological study. Placental abnormalities were found in 121 (85%) placentas, 78 of which had definite lesions known to contribute to foetal death while the remainder showed lesions suggestive of an underlying disease. This study supports the usefulness of limited sampling of the placenta in the face of unavailability of complete placental examination and autopsy for assessment of the cause of stillbirth.
Predictor for unfavorable Johnsen scoring in non-obstructive azoospermia before intra cytoplasmic sperm insemination and its outcome

Abu MA, Tajuddin SA, Abdul Karim AK, Ahmad MF, Mohd Razi ZR, Omar MH

Minerva Ginecol, 2020 10;72(5):351-354.
PMID: 32720800 DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.20.04573-6
Fulltext Correlation between signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT 1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and signal to noise ratio (SNR) value in otoacoustic emission (OAE) examination on organ of Corti cochlea due to cisplatin

Lubis NDA, Haryuna TSH, Khalid K, Zainul R

Med Glas (Zenica), 2023 Aug 01;20(2).
PMID: 37018057 DOI: 10.17392/1554-23

Aim To assess the cochlear damage caused by cisplatin in the rat cochlea based on decreased signal to noise ratio (SNR) values on otoacoustic emission (OAE) examination and increased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT 1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on immunohistochemical examination. Methods Twenty-four Rattus norvegicus were divided into 4 groups and injected with 8 mg/kgBW of cisplatin intraperitoneally except for control group. The SNR on OAE examination were checked before the treatment and on day 3, 4, and 7 after the treatment. The cochleas were stained immunohistochemically, followed by assessment of the cochlear organ of Corti damage based on STAT 1 and VEGF expression. Results A decrease in the mean of SNR value was found in accordance with the length of cisplatin exposure. The STAT 1 and VEGF expression increased with duration of cisplatin exposure. A correlation was found between SNR values, STAT 1, and also VEGF expression (p<0.05). Conclusion An increase of STAT 1 and VEGF expression influences cochlear damage due to cisplatin administration. There was a correlation between STAT 1 and VEGF expression with SNR values in the cochlear organ of Corti of Rattus norvegicus exposed to cisplatin.
Maternal thyroid function in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during in-vitro fertilization and its relation to reproductive outcome

Abdul Karim AK, Azrai Abu M, Chelliah B, Mohd Razi ZR, Omar MH, Othman H, et al.

Minerva Ginecol, 2017 Oct;69(5):431-437.
PMID: 28447444 DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04069-2

BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to evaluate the changes in thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its association with the outcome of assisted reproductive technique (ART).
METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study done in University Hospital Fertility Clinic for one year duration. A total of 88 euthyroid women who underwent COH as part of planned in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were invited to participate in this study. Serum thyroid function of each women will be monitored before stimulation (T1), day 10-13 of cycle (T2), during oocyte retrieval (T3), one week following embryo transfer (T4), and at four weeks after embryo transfer (T5). Reproductive outcome of IVF will be observed and documented.
RESULTS: Nine women had ongoing singleton pregnancy, seven suffered from miscarriage, while the rest had implantation failure. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) increased throughout stimulation, peaking at 32-36 hours after hCG administration compared to baseline (1.250 vs. 1.740 mIU/L and 13.94 vs. 15.25 pmol/L). It remains elevated until one week following embryo transfer. The increment of serum TSH exceeded the upper limit, acceptable for first trimester (<1.60 mIU/L). However, the evolution of serum TSH and fT4 did not significantly differ with pregnancy outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: In euthyroid women, thyroid function changed significantly during COH, but these changes were not different between the three reproductive outcomes. Thus, we do not suggest continuous thyroid function monitoring during COH.
Fulltext Zinc/Aluminium⁻Quinclorac Layered Nanocomposite Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol A

Zainul R, Abd Azis N, Md Isa I, Hashim N, Ahmad MS, Saidin MI, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2019 Feb 22;19(4).
PMID: 30813385 DOI: 10.3390/s19040941

This paper presents the application of zinc/aluminium-layered double hydroxide-quinclorac (Zn/Al-LDH-QC) as a modifier of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) paste electrode for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The Zn/Al-LDH-QC/MWCNT morphology was examined by a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the electrode interfacial properties. The electrochemical responses of the modified electrode towards BPA were thoroughly evaluated by using square-wave voltammetry technique. The electrode demonstrated three linear plots of BPA concentrations from 3.0 × 10-8⁻7.0 × 10-7 M (R² = 0.9876), 1.0 × 10-6⁻1.0 × 10-5 M (R² = 0.9836) and 3.0 × 10-5⁻3.0 × 10-4 M (R² = 0.9827) with a limit of detection of 4.4 × 10-9 M. The electrode also demonstrated good reproducibility and stability up to one month. The presence of several metal ions and organic did not affect the electrochemical response of BPA. The electrode is also applicable for BPA determination in baby bottle and mineral water samples with a range of recovery between 98.22% and 101.02%.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Based Formulations of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate-Sodium Dodecylsulphate-Bispyribac Nanocomposite: Advancements in Controlled Release Formulation of Herbicide

Mohd Sharif SN, Hashim N, Md Isa I, Abu Bakar S, Idris Saidin M, Syahrizal Ahmad M, et al.

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2021 12 01;21(12):5867-5880.
PMID: 34229781 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19499

The usefulness of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a matrix material in enhancing the controlled release formulations of bispyribac (BP) herbicide from the interlayer gallery of zinc hydroxide nitratesodium dodecylsulphate-bispyribac (ZHN-SDS-BP) nanocomposite was investigated. The CMC coated nanocomposite, ZHN-SDS-BP-CMC was characterised using several instruments for the determination of its physicochemical properties. The release rates of the BP were measured using a UV spectrophotometer, and the aqueous solutions containing PO3-₄ , SO2-₄ and Cl- were selected as release media in the release studies so as to mimic the real conditions of environmental soil. Significant release time delays, triggered by the gelation forming ability and hygroscopic nature of CMC, were observed in all release media, and the release processes were found to behave in a concentration-dependent manner in all release media. Fitting the release data into several kinetic models demonstrated that release in aqueous solutions of Na₃PO₄ and Na₂SO₄ was governed by pseudo second order processes, whereas the release in an aqueous NaCl solution was governed by the parabolic diffusion kinetic model. The potential of CMC in prolonging the release of BP from ZHN-SDS-BP-CMC can potentially help in reducing the pollution resulting from the overuse of pesticides.
Enhanced properties of TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose films via eco-friendly non-pressurized hot water vapor treatment for sustainable and smart food packaging

Rahmadiawan D, Abral H, Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Admi RI, Shi SC, et al.

RSC Adv, 2024 Sep 12;14(40):29624-29635.
PMID: 39297036 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06099g

Developing a simple and environmentally friendly method to vary the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of cellulose films is of great importance. This study aimed to characterize 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (BC) films prepared using non-pressurized hot water vapor (NPHWV) method. A wet BC-pellicle that had been oxidized with TEMPO was treated with NPHWV for 60, 120, and 240 minutes, respectively. As a control, a TEMPO-oxidized BC (TOBC) film without NPHWV was prepared. The results show that the longer NPHWV duration of the TOBC film increased the tensile and thermal properties. This film became more hydrophobic and showed lower moisture absorption, thermal conductivity and organic solvent uptake, more crystalline structure, and higher fiber density after NPHWV treatment. The acquired results provide a simple, inexpensive, and ecologically friendly method for varying TOBC film properties.
Exergy, exergoeconomic optimization and exergoenvironmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind, and marine energy power system: A strategy for carbon-free electrical production

Zainul R, Basem A, J Alfaker M, Sharma P, Kumar A, Al-Bahrani M, et al.

Heliyon, 2024 Aug 30;10(16):e35171.
PMID: 39253151 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35171

In this research, aligned with global policies aimed at reducing CO2 emissions from traditional power plants, we developed a holistic energy system utilizing solar, wind, and ocean thermal energy sources, tailored to regions optimal for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). The selected site, characterized by favorable wind and solar conditions close to areas with high OTEC potential, is designed to meet the electricity needs of a coastal community. The system's core components include an Organic Rankine Cycle, turbines, thermoelectric elements, pumps, a heat exchanger, a wind turbine, and a solar collector. A detailed system analysis and thermodynamic evaluation based on thermodynamic principles were carried out using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Key factors such as wind speed, solar radiation, and collector area were critical in determining system performance. To enhance the system's effectiveness, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of optimization algorithms, incorporating the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and utilizing a Pareto front for value optimization. This approach significantly outperformed other algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Simulated Annealing (SA) in terms of system efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The developed system achieved an exergy efficiency of 14.46 % and a cost rate of $74.98 per hour, demonstrating its suitability for its intended functions. Moreover, exergoenvironmental evaluation was conducted for the proposed plant. The findings revealed that key component HEX has a high exergoenvironmental factor due to their use of hot water, which has zero unit exergoenvironmental impact. Additionally, pumps demonstrated a zero exergoenvironmental impact factor, indicating negligible component-related environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis further evaluated critical performance parameters, revealing that increases in solar irradiation lead to decreased total system cost rates, while higher turbine temperatures resulted in a remarkable 14.08 % reduction in the system's cost rate. These results underscore the economic viability of operating the system at higher temperatures and strengthen the argument for its adoption from a financial perspective.