Sustainability is a worldwide objective in balancing the gradual rise of human requirements and the decay of resources. In further aspect, the conceptual paper studies the sustainability performance of new techniques to control sewage contamination in order to prevent foul odors into the habitable space from drainage network, which is important for the healthiness and comfort of living environment. Waste drain pipe is a prominent facility in service engineering development and it is essential in regulating sewage contamination that is commonly obstructed by ungoverned disposal of debris by domestics and commercial buildings. This act is common and consistent in arising disturbance causing the failure of sewage management. This research emphasizes on the innovative establishment of a new controlling method upon sewage contamination known as Black Air Gun (BAG); this indicator is operated based on Perceived Sustainability Performance Indicators (PSPI). This indicator functions to evaluate the impact of BAG upon sewage contamination control. Furthermore, PSPI can acknowledge the sustainability issue of BAG usage in sewage management as a basis for evaluating the impact of BAG towards sewage contamination control. Adopting PSPI in this study will effectively provide a sustainable establishment attained for improvement of people’s quality of life in long term aspects.
Malaysia has over 5 million hectares of land planted with palm oil, divided almost equally between peninsula Malaysia and East Malaysia. This paper presents a laboratory evaluation of the performance of the waste product palm kernel shell (PKS) in creating plant-based asphalt concrete (bio-asphalt concrete). PKS aggregate partially replaced granite aggregate in preparing the mixes (10%, 30%, and 100%) in the range of 5mm-14mm in ACW 14 mixed with 5% to 7% of bitumen content. 35 blows and 50 blows compaction of mixes was used to evaluate the potential of palm kernel shells in the preparation of bitumen to deal with light to medium traffic. Results showed that PKS aggregate can be used up to 30% PKS replacement for the light traffic design and only 10% PKS replacement was potential to be used in medium traffic design.