Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 27 in total

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  1. Mohd Yusof Sidek, Safiya Amaran, Kamarul Imran Musa
    MyJurnal
    The prevalence of premarital pregnancy among adolescents in Malaysia is alarmingly on the rise. In finding ways to curb this, it is important toexplore on their reproductive health knowledge. Although knowledge alone will not influence adolescent’s behaviour, it is one of the most important factors that affect their reproductive health. The study aimed to assess the reproductive health knowledge of premarital pregnant adolescents in adolescent rehabilitation centres in Malaysia and the associated factors. A cross-sectional study involving premarital pregnant adolescents staying in adolescent rehabilitation centres in three states (Kelantan, Johor and Penang) was conducted for one month. Thirty-three eligible adolescents participated through a self-administered validated questionnaire which assessed their knowledge on reproductive organs, sexual activity and pregnancy, contraception and complications of sexual activity.Majority of participants scored well in terms of correct responses in reproductive organs, sexual activity and pregnancy as well as complications of sexual activity. However, they obtained the least correct responses in contraception as evidenced by these responses: having a hot shower after sexual intercourse prevents pregnancy (30.3%) and vaginal washing after sexual intercourse prevents pregnancy (33.3%). Their main source of information on reproductive health was from mass media (72.7%), and eighty two percent participants were not willing to discuss about sex with their parents. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the mean knowledge score was significantly influenced by four factors namely age at first coitus, history of rape, age of partner at first coitus of the girl and watching pornography. The premarital pregnant adolescents have good knowledge on reproductive health except on pregnancy prevention. The information taken from mass media has failed to equip them with the correct knowledge on contraception. This warrants the need to adjust the current reproductive health education to be more children-and adolescent-friendly so it can be the point of reference in the future
  2. Muhammad Kashif Munir, Sana Rehman, Samina Khaliq, Hajra Azhar, Iqra Riaz, Atif Amin Baig
    MyJurnal
    Probiotics are the food products containing live microorganisms which when up-taken in sufficient quantities, converse health benefits to consumers. This study was aimed to find parental awareness, level of utilization, assessment of their experiences and sentiments about probiotics among their children.This descriptive study was undertaken in King Edward Medical University Lahore during July 2017 to January 2018. A total of 127 questionnaires were successfully completed comprising 45 (35.5%) from health care staff, 52 (40.9%) from parents visiting pediatric outpatients and 30 (23.6%) from school teachers. Maternal parent remained predominant in this study as there were 109 (85.8%) female and 18(14.2%) male respondents. Only 20(15.7%) were familiar with the term probiotics, 49 (38.6%) were somewhat familiar while 58 (45.6%) had no idea about term. On pursuing about preferences regarding probiotics use majority 106/127 (83.5%) of parents like to available in liquid as it is easy to consume for children. Use of probiotics among children is not very much common however it is been prescribed for number of gastrointestinal problems. Only a limited class of people is familiar with health benefits probiotics. Around 20% users do not know about the organism present in specific probiotic is also of astonishing. Due to different social set up health care providers and family physicians must discuss about the dietary supplements in terms of potential risks and benefits
  3. Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin, Munawwarah Omar Kathap, Mohd Dasuki Sul’ain, Nurhidanatasha Abu Bakar
    MyJurnal
    The discovery of new antimalarial drugs from medicinal plants is urgently neededdue to the development of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, Piper sarmentosum(kaduk), a commonly used as a herbal medicine to treat malarial symptoms was screened for antimalarial as well as toxicological activities of their methanol and water leaves extracts. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of P. sarmentosum methanol and water extracts against a chloroquine-sensitive strain (3D7) of P. falciparumwas determined by using a malarial SYBR Green I-based fluorescence (MSF) assay. The lethal concentration (LC50) of the plant extracts was evaluated by using a brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The presence of heavy metal contents in the crude extract was alsodetected by using an atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Both methanol and water extracts showed an inactive antimalarial activity with an IC50value of 138.8 ± 0.122 μg/mL and 229.7 ± 0.125 μg/mL, respectively. The water extract was considered non-toxic (LC50= 2741.7 3.16 ppm), while the methanol extract was toxic (LC50= 894.94 0.018 ppm). The heavy metals such as plumbum (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were identified in the crude extract but they were below the safety limits recommended except for arsenic (As). Further investigations are required to determine the toxicological profiles of P. sarmentosum extracts on mammalian models.
  4. Nur Azree Ferdaus Kamudin, Parminder Gill Singh, Nur Azuatul Akma Kamaludin, Tan Jin Aun, Jamari Sapuan, Shalimar Abdullah
    MyJurnal
    De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a common cause of radial sided wrist pain and is described as an entrapment tendinitis of the tendons in the first extensor compartment. Physiotherapy and splinting are initial conservative treatment. Steroid injections are an effective treatment modality but may fail due to the anatomical variation in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. We present a 39-year-old female who failed conservative treatment. She received a steroid injection, but symptoms resolved for 6 months only. We proceeded to surgery and noted three subcompartments consisting of one for the extensor pollicis brevis and two for the abductor pollicis longusas opposed to one extensor compartment. The steroid injection may have failed to infiltrate all the subcompartments resulting in treatment failure. General practitioners and surgeons must be aware of this variation if there are to provide effective treatment. Ultrasonographic guidance may be required for steroid injections in recalcitrant de Quervain's disease.
  5. Norfazilah Ahmad, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
    MyJurnal
    Different disease risk for diabetic nephropathy (DN) may be partly due to the diverse genetic susceptibility of the disease. This systematic review aimed to identify the genetic variants with a substantial effect on DN and to evaluate the genetic models used in the reviewed studies. We searched the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases for all eligible studies comparing genetic variants in patients with and without DN from 2005-2016. We included a total of 14 studies and identified 13 genes with 17 related variants. The OR was from 2.9 to 9.95. The genes were involved in the pathogenesis of DN via the hemodynamic (ACE, AGT, AGTR1), metabolic (ACACB, MTHFR, PPARGC1A) and inflammatory (TNF-, TGFβ1, eNOS, CCR5, HSP70-1, MPO, OPN gene promoter) pathways. The results of these studies were presented according to pre-specified genetic models: basic, additive, dominant and recessive. No genetic model selection was biologically justified. We identified 17 genetic variants that were significantly associated with DN and were determined using different genetic models. To reduce error, further replication with the best genetic model should be carried out to determine the role of these variants in DN.
  6. Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin Nik Him, Azizul Fadzli Wan Jusoh, Muhamad Hafiq Ab Hamid, Abdul Hafiz Shaharudin
    MyJurnal
    Dengue is an emerging mosquito-borne viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedesspp. The rapid growth of dengue cases globally created a public health challenge in managing it. Since the dengue is a viral disease, a patient usually presented with non-specific clinical features with no definite drug or vaccine proven to treat it. Hence, a simple diagnostic tool for the early phase of the illness, early supportive treatment and efficient vector control measures are the essential elements in a holistic approach to managing a dengue infection. However, with a non-specific presentation of the disease and high variability of rapid diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity, the diagnosis is more challenging. The failure of detecting dengue infection, especially the severe variety may lead to a grave consequence. This case illustrates how a non-specific presentation with false negative diagnostic test result leads to unnecessary surgical intervention in a severe dengue patient.
  7. Saraswathy A, Pavai S, Putri Junaidah MY, Nadiah Z
    MyJurnal
    Serumosmolality measured by cryoscopic techniquein laboratory is the reference method.In clinical settings,serum osmolality measurement is notfeasible at bedside. In normal subjects, sodium, potassium glucose, and urea are the primary circulating solutes. These solute concentrations can be used to predict measured osmolality if no other solutes present at high millimolar concentrations.Many equations of serum osmolality have been proposed. The osmolal gap (OG) is the difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality.The major use of OG is to screen for presence of exogenous toxic substances and to screen alcohol intoxicationcases.Aim/Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the calculated osmolality using various formulaewith the measured osmolality to determine which calculated formula fit best with measured osmolality.Materials and Methods: Serum osmolality resultsfromJanuary 2015 to December 2015 were extracted from the laboratory information system (LIS). Serum osmolality performed simultaneously with renal and liver function tests, serum electrolytes and plasma glucose were included.Serum osmolality measured for patients with the history of drug abuse and poisoning were excludedfrom the study.405serum osmolality results were chosen and divided into two groups. Group 1 included 205data with normal serum osmolality, renal, liver function tests and plasma glucose level less than 7.8 mmol/L.For the second group (n=200), data with low serum osmolality (n=90) and high serum osmolality (n=80) and normal serum osmolality (n=30) were included. Group 1 data was to identify which equation correlated with the measured osmolality and the Group 2 datato study the performance of equationthat correlated with the measuredosmolality.Results: Only four out of19 formulae were identified as optimal by havingthemean OG ≤ 2 mOsm/kg. The Smithline-Gardner formula (2Na+ Glu + BUN) showed the smallest osmolal gap with mean bias 0.3mOsm/kg. The Dorwart-Chalmers formulaincorporated in most autoanalysers for calculation of osmolalityunderestimatedcompared to measured osmolality.Conclusion: We recommend Smithline-Gardner formula for calculation of osmolal gap, as the OG gap is close to zero, simple, easy to calculate at bedside and easily incorporated in the Laboratory Information System.
  8. Aishah Harizah AA, Salman A, Khairudin A, Fairuz M I, Mohd Sayuti R, Nor Kamarruzaman E
    MyJurnal
    Parapharyngealspace tumor has been known to be uncommon. It accounts only about 0.5% of head and neck neoplasm.Most of the lesions are benign in nature and salivary gland neoplasm being the most common.A 32-year old Ma lay gentle man presented with long-standing parapharyngeal mass which m ialized the latera l pharyngeal wa ll. Biopsy was taken intraorally by soft pa late mucosal incisionrevealed carcino ma e x-p leo morphic adeno maand t ranscervical approach successfully re moved the mass in total. Post-operative radiotherapy was commenced and patient is we ll until recent fo llo w up.Despite of the rarity of pleomorphic adenoma in parapharyngeal space, it should be a mong the differential diagnosis and a complete removal should be the aim as ma lignant transformation is possible in this type of pathology. Computed tomographyscan e xtending fro m base of skull till upper thora x a re important in p lanning the approach for complete removal of the mass followed by radiotherapy in malignant transformation cases.
  9. Nurul Alia Farhah Mohd Zamri, Ruzilawati Abu Bakar, Siti Suraiya Mohd Noor, Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad1
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous extracts of P. pellucida aerial part (PPAP) against four multi-drug resistant organisms; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and four foodborne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial potentialities of the plant extracts were evaluated at 250 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml. Only susceptible bacteria were further determined for minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. The best extract of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg PPAP methanol extract was acutely tested on female rats by adapting the OECD guidelines No 425. Findings obtained indicated that only PPAP methanol extract was found to be a potent inhibitor towards Bacillus cereus with the MIC and MBC values at 3.91 mg/ml and 7.81 mg/ml respectively. Toxicity study revealed that there was neither mortality nor morbidity and absent of abnormalities on all rats examined.
  10. Huzairi Sani, Nada Syazana, Zahir Izuan Azhar
    MyJurnal
    Non-severe hypothyroidism has no strong association with hyponatremia. However, thyroid function tests (TFT) continue to be ordered as a first-line investigation. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of inpatient hyponatremia and to reiterate the association between thyroid disorders and hyponatremia based on study findings and current literature. A cross-sectional study on 3,478 in-patients adults of both gender admitted to a Malaysian tertiary hospital was carried out. Age, gender, sodium levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and clinical notes between 1/11/17-31/12/17 were extracted from the hospital’s information system. Bivariate analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests. 21.9% of inpatients had hyponatremia of which 52% were mild. 359 (69%) of hyponatremic patients had a TFT sent where 71.9% were euthyroid. Sodium level is significantly correlated with age (R=-0.257, P
  11. Abdul, R., Hasnain, J., Zarfishan, T., Aina, S. Z., Warda, F., Iftkhar, A., et al.
    MyJurnal
    This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of HCV infection and frequency of its genotypes in the
    population of the Karol war village i.e. situated in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was a descriptive crosssectional study model. Tests were performed in the Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Public
    Health Lahore, Pakistan. Cases positive for Anti-HCV antibodies by chemiluminescence assay were
    subjected to HCV RNA detection by PCR. Genotyping was done by Geno-Sen’s HCV Genotyping
    1/2/3/4 Real Time PCR kit for Rotor Gene. A total of 396 patients were enrolled for this study. The
    incidence of positive HBSAg and HCV cases were 11.86% and 1.5% respectively. Males were more
    affected with 61.7% (n=29) while positive cases in females were 38.3% (n=18). Age group of 31-45
    years had higher infection rate among other ages (n=20). The frequency of genotypes 3, 1 and 2 was
    36, 4 and 3 respectively while the genotype of 4 patients was found to be indeterminate. Genotype 3 is
    the most prevalent genotype in the studied individuals which corresponds to the local data available so
    far however 11.86 % positivity figure is quite alarming figure for that area.
  12. Aliya, S., Shamim, A. K., Ilyas, M. N., Saif, U. K., Nordin, S., Atif, A. B.
    MyJurnal
    Smoking is a known established threat playing a definite role in destroying youth, the future foundation for any generation. Whether steps taken are being effective or not have to be tested vigilantly as most of the previous results are based on self-reported questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaires can be dubious. For most of the Asian parents, tobacco consumption can be a taboo especially if the teenagers are involved. Different studies have shown that prevalence of smoking among youngsters are as high as 37% to as low as 11.5% in Malaysia. How can these figures are verified as they are self-reported and how can be generations protected from ill effects of tobacco consumption. The onus not only lies on the government but also on parents/guardians, healthcare setup at various levels of care and on general population. Despite of stringent steps taken there are loopholes in the system providing these children and adolescents easy access to tobacco.
  13. Idris Aliyu Massaud, Atif Amin Baig, Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin
    MyJurnal
    Pomegranate fruit is the most studied part of punica granatum shrub. The fruit contains enormous
    amount of polyphenol compounds in the peel and arils (flesh) which are responsible for its antioxidant
    activity. The polyphenols present are of varying degree of lipophilicity and thus would require solvents
    of varying polarity to extract them. In this study, the effects of solvent type and homogenisation on
    extraction yield were considered. The fruit was first separated into peel and flesh and subsequently, one
    half of each of the peel and flesh were separately homogenised. Ethanol, ethylacetate and hexane were
    used to extract the polyphenol content of each of the four samples; non-homogenised peel (NP), nonhomogenised flesh (NF), homogenised peel (HP) and homogenised flesh (HF) in decreasing order of
    polarity using maceration method. The extraction was carried out successively using the residue
    recovered from previous extraction. Ethanol was used for a second time to complete the extraction
    process. The total extractive yield from the four samples were 27.19, 26.04, 25.03 and 15.61 for HP,
    NP, HF and NF respectively. The experiment has demonstrated that maceration process can be used to
    extract compounds from pomegranate to give a yield similar to more sophisticated method and ethanol
    is a suitable solvent for extracting hydrophilic compounds from the fruit.
  14. Sundus, S., Memoona, S., Muhammad, I. N., Rashid, H. N.
    MyJurnal
    Asthma is one of the chronic and long-term diseases of the airways. It is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, chest tightness, and dyspnea with decreased work of breathing. The inside airway’s walls are swollen or inflamed. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of active cycle of breathing technique as an airway clearance technique in patients with asthma. The health-related quality of life and functional capacity of patients was measured using a standardized airway questionnaire (AQ20) and six-minute walk test. The study was cohort design included 38 patients (mean age 41.131±14.711) of both genders with mild to moderate asthma. Each patient received multiple sessions (3 times/week for one month) of active cycle of breathing technique. Pre and post-treatment measures were recorded for functional capacity and health-related quality of life in the form of six-minute walk test and standardized airway questionnaire. All 38 patients were stable during the study period. The health-related quality of life and functional capacity of patient significantly improved post-treatment sessions with means [205.375±93.594 for week 1, 1248.719±112.187 for week 2, 306.429±140.5554 for week 3, 337.245±134.389 for week 4], for six-minute wall test and mean difference 4.13± 2.3 SD for standardized airway questionnaire with p-value (0.00) significant upon paired t-test. It is concluded that the active cycle of breathing technique is very beneficial intervention for improving quality of life and functional capacity of patients with mild to moderate asthma. Further, investigations are required to explore efficiency of ABCT as a tool for cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation.
  15. Teh, H. M., Mohd Sayuti, R., Kahairi, A., Bathma, D. S., Salman, A., Nor Kamaruzaman Esa, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The occurrence of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) after total salvage laryngectomy following radiotherapy
    as primary treatment is quite common. In most cases, pharyngocutaneous fistula can heal spontaneously
    with conservative measures. Here, we are reporting a 69-year-old male with a residual carcinoma of the
    larynx following failed radiotherapy as primary treatment whose later underwent a salvage total
    laryngectomy. Post-operatively, it was complicated by the formation of pharyngocutaneous fistula which
    was failed to heal with conservative measures and few attempts of surgical repair. The fistula later healed
    with the application of Montgomery Salivarybypass tube after 3 weeks. The application of the salivary
    bypass tube should be considered and used to promote healing in persistent pharyngocutaneous fistula
    especially in a post radiotherapy patient.
  16. Norafiza Zainuddin, Nur Adibah Shamri
    MyJurnal
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer of the large intestine with high mortality and morbidity rate. According to
    the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report, CRC was reported as the second most frequent cancer after
    breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and perception of IIUM Kuantan Campus
    students regarding CRC. Currently, there is no national screening program conducted by the Ministry of
    Health Malaysia for CRC as an early prevention in Malaysia. Despite the increase in incidence and mortality
    rates of CRC, emphasis on creating awareness regarding CRC among Malaysian is still lacking. Using
    convenience sampling method and adapted self-administered questionnaires, this cross-sectional study was
    conducted among the undergraduate students of International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus.
    Overall, more than half of the respondents have a moderate level of knowledge and perceptions regarding
    CRC. Moreover, there was a significant difference between male and female respondents in terms of
    knowledge regarding CRC screening (p
  17. Liyana, H. M. A., Hidayah, N. A. B., Nasir, M.
    MyJurnal
    Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main pharmacologically active compound found in the seeds oil of Nigella
    Sativa. Various studies had been investigated on the therapeutic effects of TQ against several diseases such as
    anticancer research, antibacterial, and so on. As a result, a considerable amount of information has been
    generated from these researches thus providing a better understanding of the promising effects of this
    compound. However, research studies on the potential role of this compound on opioid addiction studies are
    still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential role of TQ as a non-opioid
    substitution therapy in opioid addiction and the chances of this compound to be explored further with special
    attention to opioid substitution therapy.
  18. Hassan, B. M.
    MyJurnal
    As primary care doctors, treating patients with Type 2 DM is our bread and butter, as the majority of them seek treatment at health clinics. It is true that some of the patients have managed to achieve good glycaemic control, but more than half of them still have poorly controlled blood sugar as compared to the clinical practice guideline recommendation [1]. And usually, the first thing that comes to our mind when seeing these patients is to increase the dosage of anti-diabetic medication that they are currently on or to add another agent, including insulin. We also frequently tell them that the high blood sugar level is not surprising, as such is the nature of diabetes, where the worsening of blood sugar is expected due to progressive deterioration of pancreatic beta cell function.
  19. Norhaslinda, R., Adzim, M. K. R., Norhayati, A. H.
    MyJurnal
    Food defined as material that can be brought into the body of a human, animal or plant sources for
    upholding the balance of life and it includes rice, vegetables, bread and others. However, in Islam, its
    emphasized more on clean, harmless food and also with a code known as Halal diet. Halal is a term from
    the Quran which means permissible or lawful. In Islam, known special regulations in the slaughter of
    animals to be Halal diet include with saying the name of Allah the Almighty and make an incision to cut
    the lifeblood of the animal's neck, letting the action veins and organs intact. In contrast, Haram means 'not
    allowed' or 'forbidden' in Islam. Among the Haram foods as mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, it
    includes carrion, blood, dogs, pigs, and alcohol.
  20. Shanzay, A., Siddra, T. A., Warda, F., Sheeza, A., Maryam, A., Aina, S. Z., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Bacterial biofilms are a complex community of microbes in which the cells are embedded in a polysaccharide matrix.
    This slime is a mean of protection in hostile environments. Biofilms in hospital settings are perilous as they not only
    make treatment difficult, cause blockage of pipes but are also cause of serious nosocomial infections thus making their
    dispersal an even more important phenomenon. Any foaming method is not applicable at all places for the cleaning of
    biofilms hence biofilm dispersal by household sweep containing hydrochloric acid was checked using the microliter
    plate assay as dispersal strategy. Bacteria from hospital waste disposal pipes were isolated, its ability to form biofilm
    was noted under different time intervals and then finally biofilm degradation was done using different concentrations
    of household sweep. It was noted that household sweep can be successfully employed at many places especially waste
    disposal pipes and acid resistant tubes. Our results indicated that 20% sweep (HCl conc. 1%) if used for only one
    minute can reduce the biofilms to 50%. Similarly increasing contact time can reduce the biofilms further.
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