MyMedR

Fulltext In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activities of alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded Fe-bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules

Leng KM, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Sasidharan S, Kanwar JR

Future Sci OA, 2018 Feb;4(2):FSO257.

PMID: 29379633 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0085

Aim: To study the in vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of nanocapsulated bovine lactoferrin.

Materials & methods: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities were conducted to study the anticandidal activities of nanocapsules (NCs).

Results: The NCs showed good anticandidal activities. The disruption of cell wall and cell membrane was noted via microscopy studies. The NCs changed the normal growth profile of Candida albicans. NCs reduced the colony forming unit in kidney and blood samples. Histopathological examination showed better cell structure and coordination compared with untreated mice kidney. NCs also enhanced the natural killing properties of C. albicans by epithelial cells.

Conclusion: NCs have effective anticandidal properties and have the potential as a therapeutic agent against candidiasis.

Fulltext Antibiotic resistance and burden of foodborne diseases in developing countries

Odeyemi OA, Sani NA

Future Sci OA, 2016 Dec;2(4):FSO139.

PMID: 28116122 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0023

Fulltext Immunomodulatory potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Pan SY, Chia YC, Yee HR, Fang Cheng AY, Anjum CE, Kenisi Y, et al.

Future Sci OA, 2020 Oct 29;7(2):FSO648.

PMID: 33437514 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0142

The immune system is a complex network of specialized cells and organs that recognises and reacts against foreign pathogens while remaining unresponsive to host tissues. This ability to self-tolerate is known as immunological tolerance. Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system fails to differentiate between self and non-self antigens and releases autoantibodies to attack our own cells. Anti-idiotypic (anti-ID) antibodies are important in maintaining a balanced idiotypic regulatory network by neutralising and inhibiting the secretion of autoantibodies. Recently, anti-ID antibodies have been advanced as an alternative form of immunotherapy as they can specifically target autoantibodies, cause less toxicity and side effects, and could provide long-lasting immunity. This review article discusses the immunomodulatory potential of anti-ID antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Fulltext Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19

d'Arqom A, Akram M, Azzahranisa NS, Nasution MZ, Surjaningrum ER, Yusof J

Future Sci OA, 2023 Dec;9(10):FSO894.

PMID: 37753359 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0104

AIM: Changes during the COVID-19 pandemic might create pressure on different people, thus this study aimed to measure respondents' psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron wave in Java Island.

METHODS: A web-based survey on societal influence and COVID-19-related psychological distress was distributed through social media in November-December 2021, and received 396 responses.

RESULTS: This study showed that almost 50% of respondents faced psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially concerning hypervigilance and avoidance. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age and education.

CONCLUSION: Taken together, the incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress was still found in the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially among young adults.

Fulltext Prevalence of chromosome anomalies in a deer farm with fertility decline in Malaysia

Yahaya MS, Salisi MS, Md Isa NM, Meng GY, Haron A

Future Sci OA, 2020 Jun 02;6(6):FSO580.

PMID: 32670608 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0037

BACKGROUND: A number of factors are known to reduce fertility rate in animals and one of the important categories of such factors is chromosome anomalies. They can occur with or without causing phenotypic abnormalities on animals; in some cases, they may directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis and the viability of conceptus. In many instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted to offspring, affecting fertility in subsequent generations.

AIM: This work investigated the occurrence of chromosome aberrations in Rusa timorensis, Rusa unicolor and Axis axis raised in a nucleus deer farm in Malaysia with a history of declining fertility of unknown origin.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 60 animals through venipuncture, cultured for 72 h and arrested at metaphase. SmartType® and Ideokar® software were used to karyotype the chromosomes.

RESULTS: We found 15 out of the 60 animals screened from both sexes harbor some form of chromosome aberration. Chromosomal aberrations exist at the rate of 25% and may not be unconnected with the observed reduced fertility on the farm. Further investigations should be carried out, especially on the offspring of the studied animals to transmission of these aberrations. The animals that are confirmed to transmit the chromosomal aberrations should be culled to arrest the propagation of their abnormalities.

Fulltext The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery

Aljabali AA, Hassan SS, Pabari RM, Shahcheraghi SH, Mishra V, Charbe NB, et al.

Future Sci OA, 2021 Oct;7(9):FSO744.

PMID: 34737885 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0031

The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging.

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