AIM: To reflect on the transcription, analysis, interpretation and translation of data in this cross-cultural study.
DISCUSSION: The findings of this study show how these nurses developed personally and professionally despite challenges, which enabled them to attain a western degree.
CONCLUSION: Some important aspects of cross-cultural research need to be considered when conducting studies and presenting their findings, as cultural values continue to affect society.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The discussion provided will assist novice researchers, nurse research and clinical practice and reviewers of scientific articles when conducting cross-cultural research.
AIM: To examine the use of hermeneutic phenomenology and the ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation in a research study conducted with Malaysian nurses on part-time, transnational, post-registration, top-up nursing degree programmes provided by one Australian and two UK universities.
DISCUSSION: To enable the researcher to undertake international cross-cultural research and illuminate Malaysian nurses' views for the reader, cultural aspects need to be considered, as they will influence the information participants provide. Useful strategies that western researchers can adopt to co-create research texts with interviewees are outlined. The paradigm and research designs used in the study revealed the views and experiences of Malaysian nurses.
CONCLUSION: Hermeneutic phenomenology enabled the exploration of participants' experiences, and the ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation enabled the researcher's reflexivity to provide emic and etic views for the reader.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This paper adds to the discussion of the paradigms and research designs used for international, cross-cultural research in Asia. It identifies the influence participants' cultural values have on their confidence and level of disclosure with western researchers.
AIM: To present a systematic review of nursing research that uses SEM.
DISCUSSION: The review revealed poor reporting of information about the determination of sample size, missing data, normality and outliers. Most studies neither computed composite reliability nor assessed convergent and discriminant validity. There was a lack of consistency in performing the analysis. Some of the studies conducted exploratory factor analysis before performing confirmatory factor analysis, without discussing its necessity. Although most studies declared the estimation method and software used, there were many that did not.
CONCLUSION: Little information about the different steps of conducting SEM analysis was provided in the studies. Weaknesses and areas of improvement for future empirical SEM studies were identified.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: When conducting SEM, there are many issues that should be addressed. Overlooking these issues may invalidate findings. The results of this review provide nurse researchers with best practice guidelines for conducting SEM and pave the way for researchers to adopt this method in their studies.