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  1. Lim R, Adhikari S, Gurusinghe S, Leaw B, Acharya R, Rahman R, et al.
    Placenta, 2015 Aug;36(8):926-31.
    PMID: 26138362 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.06.004
    Pre-eclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite intensive research over the last 50 years, significant therapeutic advances have yet to be realised. We recently reported on the role of activin A in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, whereby a pre-eclampsia-like disease state was induced in pregnant mice through activin A infusion. Using the same animal model, the effects of inhibiting activin A signalling on this pre-eclampsia-like disease state have now been assessed with low molecular weight compounds structurally related to activin-receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitors.
  2. Singh HJ, Rahman A, Larmie ET, Nila A
    Placenta, 2004 Aug;25(7):631-6.
    PMID: 15193869
    The aim of the study was to ascertain if there was any difference in the levels of prorenin and active renin between pre-eclamptic and normotensive feto-placental tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Placenta/chemistry*
  3. Sivarao S, Vidyadaran MK, Jammal AB, Zainab S, Goh YM, Ramesh KN
    Placenta, 2002 10 4;23(8-9):691-6.
    PMID: 12361688
    This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethnicity on maternal, placental and neonatal parameters. Maternal, placental, and the newborn parameters were corrected for gestational age. The male:female sex ratio was 1:1.03. One hundred and forty-four freshly delivered placentae from 55 Malaysian, 51 Chinese, and 38 Indian normal healthy patients were collected and standard stereological methods used to estimate the placental parameters. Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation and 1-way ANOVA were used to test significance of differences. Placental surface area, placental weight and placental volume of Indians were lower than Malays (P< 0.05). Placental weight correlated significantly with neonatal length (r=0.527), birthweight (r=0.665), head circumference (r=0.371) and booking weight (r=0.193) while placental volume correlated with neonatal length (r=0.588), birthweight (r=0.688), head circumference (r=0.384), parity (r=0.202) and booking weight (r=0.219) at P< 0.05. Indian babies weight and length were less than Chinese and Malay babies (P< 0.05) while booking weight of Indian mothers was less than those of Chinese mothers (P< 0.05). Even after being corrected for booking weight, placental parameters of Indian patients were still significantly less than Malays and Chinese (P< 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Placenta/anatomy & histology*; Placenta/physiology
  4. Macdonald AA, Bosma AA
    Placenta, 1985 1 1;6(1):83-91.
    PMID: 3991477
    We examined the gross and microscopic anatomy of placental tissues and umbilical cords from six species representing the three living families of the Suina. These species included, of the Suidae, the wart hog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni), the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), and the banded pig of Malaysia (Sus scrofa vittatus); of the Tayassuidae, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari); of the Hippopotamidae, the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the pigmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis). All these species have a diffuse epitheliochorial placenta. The chorion is folded, and has on its surface rows of shallow ripples or villi, interrupted by round, oval or irregularly shaped areolae. Placental capillaries indent the epithelial layer covering the tops and sides of the interareolar villi, but not the columnar cell layer lying in the troughs between these villi or covering the areolae. Cuboidal cells cover the crests of the villi in the Suidae and Hippopotamidae, whereas in the Tayassuidae the epithelium is syncytial in appearance. The similarities in placental structure between the six species are more apparent than the differences. Suidae and Tayassuidae have smooth umbilical cords containing two arteries and one vein; those of the Hippopotamidae are pustule-encrusted and contain two arteries and two veins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Placenta/anatomy & histology*; Placenta/ultrastructure
  5. Barber CV, Yo JH, Rahman RA, Wallace EM, Palmer KR, Marshall SA
    Placenta, 2023 May;136:35-41.
    PMID: 37028223 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.008
    Activin A is a two-subunit protein belonging to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. First discovered almost three decades ago, it has since been implicated in diverse physiological roles, ranging from wound repair to reproduction. After 30 years of research, altered activin A levels are now understood to be associated with the development of various diseases, making activin A a potential therapeutic target. In pregnancy, the placenta and fetal membranes are major producers of activin A, with significantly enhanced serum concentrations now recognised as a contributor to numerous gestational disorders. Evidence now suggests that circulating levels of activin A may be clinically relevant in the early detection of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage and preeclampsia. This review aims to summarise our current understanding of activin A as a potential diagnostic marker in common pregnancy pathologies.
  6. Lai YM, Tan GC, Shah SA, Abd Rahman R, Mohd Saleh MF, Mansor S, et al.
    Placenta, 2024 Mar 06;147:21-27.
    PMID: 38278001 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.012
    INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exerts a great impact on the placenta and reflects changes on placentas both morphological and functionally. The aims of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of placental histopathological lesions in pregnancies complicated by GDM compared to gestational age-matched controls, and their association with maternal and fetal complications.

    METHODS: Fifty-four singleton GDM-complicated pregnancies were recruited and compared to 33 consecutive normal pregnancies. Two pathologists, blinded to all clinical data, reviewed and evaluated all histological samples of the placentas in accordance with Amsterdam criteria. Relevant demographic, clinical data and primary birth outcomes were recorded.

    RESULTS: A myriad of histomorphological abnormalities, including chronic inflammation (n = 9/54, p = 0.031), histological chorioamnionitis (n = 23/54, p placentas compared to the controls. Additionally, GDM significantly increased the risk of fetal complications, including macrosomia/fetal growth restriction (n = 13/54, p = 0.004).

    DISCUSSION: Histoarchitectural abnormalities were observed more frequently in placentas of GDM pregnancies compared to the controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that diabetic-induced damage in the placental function may be associated with the increased in fetal growth disorders in GDM-complicated pregnancies.

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