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  1. Does the use of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in third molar surgery reduce the risk of postoperative infection? A systematic review with meta-analysis
    Menon RK, Gopinath D, Li KY, Leung YY, Botelho MG
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019 Feb;48(2):263-273.
    PMID: 30145064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.08.002
    The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the efficacy of amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for reducing the risk of postoperative infection after third molar surgery and to evaluate the adverse outcomes in these patients, as well as in healthy volunteers. A systematic search of four databases was performed on May 26, 2017. Eleven studies qualified for the qualitative analysis and eight were found suitable for meta-analysis. The results suggest that both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin significantly reduce the risk of infection after third molar extraction (overall relative risk (RR) 0.25, P<0.001). However, with the exclusion of randomized controlled trials with a split-mouth design (due to an inadequate crossover period after antibiotic treatment), only amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was found to be effective (RR 0.21, P<0.001). The risk of adverse effects was significantly higher in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group (RR=4.12, P=0.023) than in the amoxicillin group (RR 1.57, P=0.405). In conclusion, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amoxicillin may significantly reduce the risk of infection after third molar extraction. However, their use in third molar surgery should be viewed with caution, as recent clinical trials on healthy volunteers have shown evidence of the negative impact of amoxicillin use on bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use*
  2. Twenty-four Month Outcomes of Extended- Versus Standard-course Antibiotic Therapy in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia in High-risk Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Kok HC, McCallum GB, Yerkovich ST, Grimwood K, Fong SM, Nathan AM, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2024 Sep 01;43(9):872-879.
    PMID: 38830139 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004407
    BACKGROUND: Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can lead to long-term respiratory sequelae, including bronchiectasis. We determined if an extended (13-14 days) versus standard (5-6 days) antibiotic course improves long-term outcomes in children hospitalized with CAP from populations at high risk of chronic respiratory disease.

    METHODS: We undertook a multicenter, double-blind, superiority, randomized controlled trial involving 7 Australian, New Zealand, and Malaysian hospitals. Children aged 3 months to ≤5 years hospitalized with radiographic-confirmed CAP who received 1-3 days of intravenous antibiotics, then 3 days of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate, were randomized to either extended-course (8-day oral amoxicillin-clavulanate) or standard-course (8-day oral placebo) arms. Children were reviewed at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome was children with the composite endpoint of chronic respiratory symptoms/signs (chronic cough at 12 and 24 months; ≥1 subsequent hospitalized acute lower respiratory infection by 24 months; or persistent and/or new chest radiographic signs at 12-months) at 24-months postdischarge, analyzed by intention-to-treat, where children with incomplete follow-up were assumed to have chronic respiratory symptoms/signs ("worst-case" scenario).

    RESULTS: A total of 324 children were randomized [extended-course (n = 163), standard-course (n = 161)]. For our primary outcome, chronic respiratory symptoms/signs occurred in 97/163 (60%) and 94/161 (58%) children in the extended-courses and standard-courses, respectively [relative risk (RR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-1.22]. Among children where all sub-composite outcomes were known, chronic respiratory symptoms/signs between groups, RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.69-1.76 [extended-course = 27/93 (29%) and standard-course = 24/91 (26%)]. Additional sensitivity analyses also revealed no between-group differences.

    CONCLUSION: Among children from high-risk populations hospitalized with CAP, 13-14 days of antibiotics (versus 5-6 days), did not improve long-term respiratory outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  3. Localized melioidosis
    Raja NS
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2003 Aug;53(8):373-4.
    PMID: 14558747
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  4. Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery
    Gul YA, Lian LH, Jabar FM, Moissinac K
    ANZ J Surg, 2002 Apr;72(4):275-8.
    PMID: 11982514
    Antibiotics are often administered in elective colorectal surgery to prevent wound infection. The tendency for surgeons to prolong the administration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period is a well-known fact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of prophylactic antibiotic utilization in elective colorectal surgery and to determine if evidence-based medicine is employed in relation to this practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  5. A bleeding throat
    Tuang GJ, Liman ARUA, Ramasundram S
    Emerg Med J, 2020 Feb;37(2):72-101.
    PMID: 31980549 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-209119
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  6. Fulltext A mimicry of melioidosis by Klebsiella ozaenae infection
    Ng TH, How SH, Kuan YC, Adzura, Aziz AA, Fauzi AR
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Dec;31(2):147-50.
    PMID: 20514860 MyJurnal
    Klebsiella ozaenae is a Gram negative bacillus. It has been described as a colonizer of oral and nasopharyngeal mucosa and is a cause of atrophic rhinitis. Klebsiella ozaenae has seldom been isolated from serious infections. However, several reports have stated that Klebsiella ozaenae may cause invasive infections and even mortality. We report a 55-year-old man with Klebsiella ozaenae infection causing abscesses involving the right eye and left kidney and possibly also in the brain, lungs and prostate. The isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but resistant to ampicillin. He responded well to 4 weeks of i.v. ceftazidime and i.v. amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. To our knowledge, such a multiorgan infection has not been reported previously for this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  7. Pansinusitis causing bilateral optic neuritis in a 9-year-old child
    Bashkaran K, Shatriah I, Zunaina E, Bakiah S, Sakinah Z
    Orbit, 2009;28(6):377-9.
    PMID: 19929663 DOI: 10.3109/01676830903104678
    Sinusitis is a rare cause of optic neuritis in children. This case illustrates bilateral optic neuritis in a 9-year-old child caused by pansinusitis. It demands an accurate diagnosis with a prompt management. A proper treatment of sinusitis is essential to prevent this complication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
  8. An unique case of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) graft infection with Streptococcus viridans
    Zubaidah NH, Azim MI, Osama MH, Harunarashid H, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2012;163(1):27-9.
    PMID: 22362230
    The incidence of infection following TEVAR is low. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of post thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with Streptococcus viridans graft infection. A 54-year-old male underwent TEVAR for dissecting thoracic aneurysm with spinal ischaemia. He had an eventful recovery with prolonged period of stay in intensive care unit. Three months later, he presented with persistent chest discomfort and fever. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed evidence of graft infection and the blood culture grew Streptococcus viridans. The rarity of TEVAR graft infection due to Streptococcus viridans and its management are being discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use
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