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  1. Adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease mimicking Fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome in ethnic Chinese patients
    Lim SY, Ishiura H, Ramli N, Shibata S, Almansour MA, Tan AH, et al.
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2020 05;74:25-27.
    PMID: 32289521 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.03.025
    Two ethnic Chinese men with clinico-radiologic features of Fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) were found on genetic testing to have neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), highlighting that NIID should be considered in the differential diagnosis of FXTAS. NIID may also be much more common than FXTAS in certain Asian populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ataxia/physiopathology
  2. Chronic neuronopathic type of Gaucher's disease with progressive myoclonic epilepsy in the absence of visceromegaly and bone involvement
    Botross NP, Riad AA, Viswanathan S, Nordin RB, Lock HN
    Scott Med J, 2014 May;59(2):e1-6.
    PMID: 24671628 DOI: 10.1177/0036933014529868
    Gaucher's disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. Gaucher's disease has three clinical types: non-neuronopathic (Type 1), Acute Neuropathic (Type 2) and chronic neuronopathic (Type 3). The chronic neuronopathic (Type 3) is characterised by a variety of disease variants with onset in childhood with hepatomegaly, skeletal lesions and later slow horizontal saccades, treatment-resistant generalised tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, dementia, progressive spasticity, cognitive deterioration, ataxia and death in the second or third decade of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ataxia/physiopathology
  3. Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis
    Lim JA, Lee ST, Moon J, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin YW, et al.
    Ann Neurol, 2019 03;85(3):352-358.
    PMID: 30675918 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25421
    OBJECTIVE: There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.

    METHODS: The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).

    RESULTS: A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p

    Matched MeSH terms: Ataxia/physiopathology
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