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Victims' barriers to discussing domestic violence in clinical consultations: a qualitative enquiry

Othman S, Goddard C, Piterman L

J Interpers Violence, 2014 May;29(8):1497-513.
PMID: 24323695 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513507136

Victims of domestic violence frequently attend health care facilities. In many cases, their abusive experience is neither disclosed nor discussed during clinical consultations. This study examined the barriers faced by women when discussing abuse with health care providers, specifically in cases involving Malaysian women with a history of domestic violence. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with 10 women with a history of domestic violence residing at a shelter. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation. Using the grounded theory approach of analysis, themes that emerged from these interviews were then further analyzed to examine the barriers faced by these women. Women who experienced domestic violence faced multiple barriers while discussing their accounts of abuse with others. Values placed on the privacy of domestic violence; upholding the traditional gender roles; preserving the family unity; minimizing the abuse, the feeling of shame, self-blame; and fearing their abuser generally create internal barriers when discussing their encounters of abuse with health care providers. The perceived unknown role of health care professionals when dealing with patients experiencing domestic violence as well as the previous negative experiences in clinical consultations acted as external barriers for discussing abuse with health care providers. Women with domestic violence experiences faced internal and external barriers to discussing their abuse during clinical consultations. Physicians and health care providers must consider domestic violence in consultations with female patients. A good doctor-patient relationship that encompasses empathy, confidence, trust, support, assurance, confidentiality, and guidance can help patients with abusive backgrounds overcome these barriers, leading to the disclosure and discussion of their abusive encounters. Proper education, guidelines, and support for health care providers are required to help them assist women with histories of domestic violence.

Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology*
The detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence against women

Noman AHM, Griffiths MD, Pervin S, Ismail MN

J Psychiatr Res, 2021 02;134:111-112.
PMID: 33383493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.057
Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology*
"Nobody came to help": interviews with women convicted of filicide in Malaysia

Razali S, Fisher J, Kirkman M

Arch Womens Ment Health, 2019 02;22(1):151-158.
PMID: 29569042 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0832-3

Although filicide is of serious concern, it is poorly understood in Malaysia. Our interviews with health and policy professionals revealed that they attribute responsibility for filicide to women's failure to comply with social norms and religious teachings. This research sought to understand the meaning of and background to filicide from the perspectives of women who have been convicted of filicide in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted in person with all eligible and consenting women convicted of filicide and incarcerated in prisons or forensic psychiatric institutions. Women's accounts were translated into English and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and interpreted using narrative theory. Interviews with nine women convicted of filicide yielded evidence that others were implicated in the crime but punished less severely, if at all, and that the women had experienced lifelong gender-based violence and marginalisation with minimal access to health and social care. These findings illuminate an inadequately understood phenomenon in Malaysia and reveal why existing strategies to reduce filicide, which reflect key stakeholders' views, have had little impact. They reveal the pervasive harm of violence against women and children and its link to filicide.

Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology
Fulltext Domestic violence and decision-making power of married women in Myanmar: analysis of a nationally representative sample

Kabir R, Haque M, Mohammadnezhad M, Samad N, Mostari S, Jabin S, et al.

Ann Saudi Med, 2019 12 05;39(6):395-402.
PMID: 31804139 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.395

BACKGROUND: Women in Myanmar are not considered decision makers in the community and the physical and psychological effect of violence makes them more vulnerable. There is a strong negative reaction, usually violent, to any economic activity generated by women among poorer and middle-class families in Myanmar because a woman's income is not considered necessary for basic survival.
OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between domestic violence on the decision-making power of married women in Myanmar.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: National, both urban and rural areas of Myanmar.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 were used in this analysis. In that survey, married women aged between 15 to 49 years were selected for interview using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The dependent variables were domestic violence and the decision-making power of women. Independent variables were age of the respondents, educational level, place of residence, employment status, number of children younger than 5 years of age and wealth index.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Domestic violence and decision-making power of women.
SAMPLE SIZE: 7870 currently married women.
RESULTS: About 50% respondents were 35 to 49 years of age and the mean (SD) age was 35 (8.4) years. Women's place of residence and employment status had a significant impact on decision-making power whereas age group and decision-making power of women had a relationship with domestic violence.
CONCLUSION: Giving women decision making power will be indispensable for the achievement of sustainable development goals. Government and other stakeholders should emphasize this to eliminate violence against women.
LIMITATIONS: Use of secondary data analysis of cross-sectional study design and cross-sectional studies are not suitable design to assess this causality. Secondly the self-reported data on violence may be subject to recall bias.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology
Fulltext Prevalence of anxiety among women attending a primary care clinic in Malaysia

Mohd Sidik S, Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F

Br J Gen Pract, 2011 Jun;61(587):e326-32.
PMID: 21801511 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp11X577990

Background: This is the first study investigating Anxiety among women attending a primary care clinic
in Malaysia.
Aim: The objective was to determine the factors associated with anxiety among these women.
Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a government-funded primary care clinic in Malaysia. Consecutive female patients attending the clinic during the data-collection period were invited to participate in the study.
Method: Participants were given self-administered questionnaires, which included the validated Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7) Malay version to detect anxiety.
Results: Of the 1023 patients who were invited, 895 agreed to participate (response rate 87.5%). The prevalence of anxiety in this study was 7.8%, based on the GAD-7 (score ≥8). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that certain stressful life events and the emotional aspect of domestic violence were significantly associated with anxiety (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety among women in this study is similar to that found in other countries.
Factors found to be associated with anxiety, especially issues on domestic violence, need to be addressed andmanaged appropriately.
Keywords: anxiety; Malaysia; prevalence; primary care; women.
Questionnaire: Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD-7 (Malay version); Hark questionnaire

Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology
Fulltext Prevalence, associated factors and predictors of anxiety: a community survey in Selangor, Malaysia

Kader Maideen SF, Mohd Sidik S, Rampal L, Mukhtar F

BMC Psychiatry, 2015;15:262.
PMID: 26497745 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0648-x

Anxiety is the most common mental health disorders in the general population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety, its associated factors and the predictors of anxiety among adults in the community of Selangor, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Domestic Violence/psychology