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  1. Fulltext Spectrophotometric Analysis of Caffeine
    Ahmad Bhawani S, Fong SS, Mohamad Ibrahim MN
    Int J Anal Chem, 2015;2015:170239.
    PMID: 26604926 DOI: 10.1155/2015/170239
    The nature of caffeine reveals that it is a bitter white crystalline alkaloid. It is a common ingredient in a variety of drinks (soft and energy drinks) and is also used in combination with various medicines. In order to maintain the optimum level of caffeine, various spectrophotometric methods have been developed. The monitoring of caffeine is very important aspect because of its consumption in higher doses that can lead to various physiological disorders. This paper incorporates various spectrophotometric methods used in the analysis of caffeine in various environmental samples such as pharmaceuticals, soft and energy drinks, tea, and coffee. A range of spectrophotometric methodologies including chemometric techniques and derivatization of spectra have been used to analyse the caffeine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Drinks
  2. Fulltext Association between the consumption of caffeinated energy drink, daytime sleepiness and psychological distress level among universities students in Shah Alam, Selangor
    Norshafarina, S.K., Ahmad Aisar A.H, Neni W.S,, Norsham Juliana N.
    Journal of Management & Science, 2018;16(2):39-45.
    MyJurnal
    Students nowadays in Malaysia and globally, prefer to consume caffeinated energy drink to stay up late to finish their daily task especially during exams or finishing their coursework. Despite the rising trends and aggressive marketing strategies aimed toward college students, there has been little research done on college students’ intake of caffeinated energy drinks and their impact on sleep quality such as the daytime sleepiness. Bad sleep quality is also significantly found more commonly in those with psychological distress which will then consequently affect students’ academic performances. This research studies about universities student pattern of consumption of caffeinated energy drink and how it affects their level of daytime sleepiness and level of psychological distress. In this research, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to evaluate general level of daytime sleepiness and the capability to stay alert and awake during crucial moments of the day. While the level of psychological distress were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a self-administered screening instrument designed to detect current diagnosable mental disturbances and disorders. Research findings showed that there are generally higher usage of caffeinated energy drink in male, between 20 to 22 years old and active in any physical activity, among participants whom does not consume caffeinated energy drink, majority score CGPA between 3.00 to 3.50. Also, there are significance between the psychological distress and consumption of caffeinated energy drink, 86.3% whom does not consume caffeinated energy drink does not have psychological distress and between daytime sleepiness and psychological distress, about 71.8% daytime sleepers have psychological distress (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Drinks
  3. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and associated risk factors among medical students, Saudi Arabia
    Atta MM, Sayed MH, Zayed MA, Alsulami SA, Al-Maghrabi AT, Kelantan AY
    Int J Gen Med, 2019;12:293-298.
    PMID: 31692498 DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S206995
    Background and aims: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disease worldwide that is associated with impaired quality of life and higher risk of complications. The identification of risk factors is necessary for preventive measures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of GERD symptoms as well as its relation to body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors among medical students of Jeddah and Rabigh branches, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

    Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia. The study included 197 medical students from Rabigh and Jeddah branches of the university. The study employed a Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire which is derived from a self-administered validated GERD questionnaire (GerdQ).

    Results: The prevalence of GERD symptoms was 25.9%. The most frequent symptoms were regurgitation and burning sensation. High BMI, family history, energy drinks and fried food were found to be statistically significant risk factors (p<0.05) by univariate analysis. However, the logistic regression for the prediction of GERD symptoms among medical students showed that only family history had a significant correlation (p<0.05).

    Conclusion: GERD symptoms were common in medical students of King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Family history was found to be a significant predictor of GERD symptoms. Effective educational strategies for groups with significant risk factors of GERD need to be implemented.

    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Drinks
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