This study attempted to determine whether contact lens wear has any adverse effect on the Meibomian glands. The study also tried to elucidate the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction in the general population. The results of the study showed that Meibomian gland dysfunction exists in 43% of the population (lens wearers and nonlens wearers), 49% of the contact lens wearing population (81 subjects), and 39% of nonlens wearers (150 subjects). No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction between healthy contact lens wearers and the control group of nonlens wearers. The study therefore could not prove that contact lens wear is a contributing factor to Meibomian gland dysfunction.
Arteriovenous malformations are congenital lesions that may evolve with time and manifest in a plethora of presentations. They can occur as torrential epistaxis when it extensively involves the facial region. Multi-imaging modalities are available to assist in characterizing the structure of the lesion as well as its location and extent. This complex disease requires a multidisciplinary team approach with preoperative embolization and surgery. We present a rare cause of life-threatening epistaxis in a gentleman with a longstanding orbital and hemifacial arteriovenous malformation and discuss the complexities involved in its management.