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The prevalence and distribution of Brucella melitensis in goats in Malaysia from 2000 to 2009

Bamaiyi PH, Hassan L, Khairani-Bejo S, ZainalAbidin M, Ramlan M, Adzhar A, et al.

Prev Vet Med, 2015 May 1;119(3-4):232-6.
PMID: 25746928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.001

A study was conducted to describe the prevalence and distribution of zoonotic Brucella melitensis in goats in Peninsular Malaysia. Using serosurveillance data of the last decade (2000-2009) involving 119,799 goats and 3555 farms, the seroprevalence of brucellosis among goats was 0.91% (95% CI=0.86-0.96) and among farms was 7.09% (95% CI=6.27-7.98). The odds of brucellosis was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the later part of the decade, in larger herd size and among the states located in the peninsula as compared to eastern Malaysia. The infection was detected throughout Malaysia but at generally low seroprevalences with states like Perlis that border neighbouring countries having higher seroprevalence of brucellosis than other non-border states.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Case-control study on risk factors associated with Brucella melitensis in goat farms in Peninsular Malaysia

Bamaiyi PH, Hassan L, Khairani-Bejo S, ZainalAbidin M, Ramlan M, Krishnan N, et al.

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2014 Jun;46(5):739-45.
PMID: 24633657 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0557-x

Caprine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection affecting goats especially in developing countries all over the world. In Malaysia, the risk factors associated with this infection in farms have not been studied. A case-control study was carried out in goat farms in four states of Malaysia to elucidate the risk factors associated with the infection on the farms using structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Results indicate that the introduction of new animals (OR = 5.25; 90 % CI = 1.46, 18.88), younger age category of farms (OR = 5.53; 90 % CI = 1.09, 21.66), and farms with single breed of goats (OR = 8.50; 90 % CI = 1.27, 41.97) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. In order to control brucellosis or possibly eradicate it in goat farms, these factors need to be dealt with. Enforcing stringent importation protocols or complete ban of goat importation from brucellosis endemic countries will help reduce risk of introducing new infection into the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Toxoplasmosis in goats: a sero-epidemiological study in Peninsular Malaysia

Dorny P, Casman C, Sani R, Vercruysse J

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1993 Aug;87(4):407-10.
PMID: 8250633
Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
A severe outbreak of orf involving the buccal cavity of goats

Zamri-Saad M, al-Ajeeli KS, Ibrahim AL

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1992 Aug;24(3):177-8.
PMID: 1304665
Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats in Sri Lanka

Dorny P, Van Aken D

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1992 Feb;86(1):83-5.
PMID: 1616398
Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Survey on the importance of mange in the aetiology of skin lesions in goats in Peninsular Malaysia

Dorny P, Van Wyngaarden T, Vercruysse J, Symoens C, Jalia A

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1994 May;26(2):81-6.
PMID: 7941034

A survey on mange mite infestations in the aetiology of skin lesions in goats in Peninsular Malaysia is described. Skin lesions were observed in 25 (93%) of the 27 goat farms investigated. Mange mites were found in 22 (88%) of these goat herds. Chorioptes texanus was found in 20.7%, Psoroptes cuniculi in 19.3%, Sarcoptes scabiei in 18.6% and Demodex canis var. caprae in 0.4% of the samples, taken from the skin lesions. Thirteen cases of generalised manage were diagnosed, from which 9 were caused by S. scabiei, 2 by P. cuniculi and one by C. texanus. All other cases had more or less localised lesions. No significant differences could be found in incidence and distribution of skin lesions between age classes.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Fulltext An association of Orf virus infection among sheep and goats with herd health programme in Terengganu state, eastern region of the peninsular Malaysia

Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Adamu L, Noorzahari MSB, May LK, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2019 Jul 18;15(1):250.
PMID: 31319873 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1999-1

BACKGROUND: Orf virus causes a scabby skin lesions which decreases productivity in small ruminants. The unknown status of this disease in the eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia warrants a study to determine sero-prevalence of orf with regards to farmers' compliance level towards the Herd Health Program (HHP) programme.
RESULTS: Out of 504 animals, 115 were positive for Orf-virus antibodies. An overall prevalence rate of 22.8% indicated a high prevalence of orf disease in this region. It was observed that 25.1% (92/367) of goats were positive and 16.8% (23/137) of sheep sero-converted for Orf virus antibody. Several factors were measured for their possible association with prevalence of Orf virus infection. The prevalence was higher in LY farm, JC breed, kid and female animals, and in the presence of disease lesion. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association of three risk factors which are species, age and sex of the animals (P 0.05). Farms surveyed usually practised intensive management system, keeping animals in the shade at all time, due to limited availability of suitable land as a free-range grazing area. An interview with small holder farmers revealed a lack of awareness of the main goals of herd health programme. An overall compliance level of 42.7% was observed for all HHP parameters. Among the 14 main components of HHP modules, animal identification had recorded highest compliance level (84.62%) while milking management recorded the least compliance (- 82.69%). That explained why there was a high sporadic prevalence of Orf infection in this region.
CONCLUSION: Good herd health supervision is a rehearsal target to prevent an outbreak and the spread of diseases thus reduces economic losses among farmers. Therefore, a good herd health programme should be in place, in order to prevent and control disease transmission as well as to improve herd immunity.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext A survey of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant farms from two districts in Perak, Malaysia -- Kinta and Hilir Perak

Komala TS, Ramlan M, Yeoh NN, Surayani AR, Sharifah Hamidah SM

Trop Biomed, 2008 Dec;25(3):196-201.
PMID: 19287357

A survey of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA), a bacterial infection in sheep and goats was conducted on small ruminant farms in two districts in Perak, namely Kinta and Hilir Perak. The objective of this survey is to determine the status of CLA infection in small ruminants. A total of 8 farms were screened, involving a total of 579 animals. Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Absorbent Assay (ELISA) were conducted on serum samples obtained from the animals. Results show that 8.5% of the animals had a positive reaction for AGPT test. It was found that 36 samples (17%) were found positive using both AGPT and ELISA methods, 9 samples (4%) were found positive only using AGPT method, 14 samples (6%)were found positive only using ELISA and 157 samples (73%) were found negative using both methods. Since there is no available data on the prevalence of the disease in the country, further epidemiological studies as well as reliable diagnostic detection methods need to be assessed for aiding in control and eradication programmes for this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext Morphological characterization of Haemonchus contortus in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in Penang, Malaysia

Rahman WA, Abd Hamid S

Trop Biomed, 2007 Jun;24(1):23-7.
PMID: 17568374 MyJurnal

The large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogen of goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries). This paper describes characteristics of surface cuticular ridges (synlophe) of H. contortus adults from the two hosts. There were more ridges in H. contortus from goats compared to that from sheep. Total body length, vulvar morphology, spicule length and cervical papillae had been considered as markers of physical adaptation and were studied and described.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Fulltext A meta-analysis of livestock brucellosis prevalence in Indonesia

Ridlo MR, Andityas M, Primatika RA, Widantara H, Loong SK, Nuraini DM

Vet Q, 2024 Dec;44(1):1-14.
PMID: 39162149 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2390945

Indonesia has a long history of livestock brucellosis, but the overall pooled prevalence remains unclear. This study aims to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of livestock brucellosis in Indonesia using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were searched and screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted and analyzed using a random effects model in R 4.3.0 for pooled estimated prevalence, subgroup meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Publication bias and sensitivity tests were conducted using Egger's test, funnel plot, trim and fill plot, and leave-one-out. The screening process identified 46 included studies, representing 47,057 samples for brucellosis testing. The pooled estimated prevalence for livestock brucellosis was 3.25% (95% CI, 1.81%-5.78%) with high heterogeneity (Q = 2130.91, p = 0, I2=98%). Subgroup meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in the prevalence of livestock brucellosis across the main islands in Indonesia (p = 0.44) and across provinces in Sulawesi Island (p = 0.83), but significant differences were found among provinces in Java (p

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Genetic diversity of caprine Blastocystis from Peninsular Malaysia

Tan TC, Tan PC, Sharma R, Sugnaseelan S, Suresh KG

Parasitol Res, 2013 Jan;112(1):85-9.
PMID: 22961236 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3107-3

Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal parasite found in humans and animals. The possibility of zoonotic transmission to humans from livestock especially goats led us to investigate the genetic diversity of caprine Blastocystis sp. obtained from five different farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Moreover, there is a lack of information on the prevalence as well as genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in goat worldwide. Results showed that 73/236 (30.9 %) of the goats were found to be positive for Blastocystis infection. The most predominant Blastocystis sp. subtype was ST1 (60.3 %) followed by ST7 (41.1 %), ST6 (41.1 %), and ST3 (11.0 %) when amplified by PCR using sequenced-tagged site (STS) primers. Four farms had goats infected only with ST1 whereas the fifth showed mixed infections with multiple STs. The proximity of the fifth farm to human dwellings, nearby domesticated animals and grass land as opposed to a sterile captive environment in the first four farms may account for the multiple STs seen in the fifth farm. Since ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST 7 were previously reported in human infection worldwide in particular Malaysia, the potential of the zoonotic transmission of blastocystosis should not be disregarded. The implications of different farm management systems on the distribution of Blastocystis sp. STs are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Case-control investigation on the risk factors of melioidosis in small ruminant farms in Peninsular Malaysia

Musa HI, Hassan L, Shamsuddin ZH, Panchadcharam C, Zakaria Z, Abdul Aziz S, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2015 Aug;119(2):331-41.
PMID: 25891038 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12830

Epidemiology of melioidosis is poorly understood because its occurrence is influenced by complex interaction of environmental, climatic, physicochemical and host factors. We investigated the potential risk factors for the exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei in small ruminants' farms in Peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Coccidial infections of goats in Selangor, peninsular Malaysia

Jalila A, Dorny P, Sani R, Salim NB, Vercruysse J

Vet Parasitol, 1998 Jan 31;74(2-4):165-72.
PMID: 9561704

Coccidial infections were studied in goats in the state of Selangor (peninsular Malaysia) during a 12-month period. The study included 10 smallholder farms on which kids were monitored for faecal oocyst counts from birth until 1-year old. Eimeria oocysts were found in 725 (89%) of 815 faecal samples examined. Nine species of Eimeria were identified. The most prevalent were E. arloingi, found in 71% of the samples, E. ninakohlyakimovae (67%), E. christenseni (63%) and E. alijevi (61%). The other species found were, E. hirci, E. jolchijevi, E. caprovina, E. caprina and E. pallida, present in 34, 22, 12, 9 and 4% of the samples, respectively. Oocyst counts were significantly higher in animals of less than 4-months old (P < 0.05). High oocyst counts were mainly caused by non-pathogenic species. Poor hygienic conditions were found to be associated with a higher intensity of coccidial infections. Mortality rates in kids could not be related to the intensity of coccidial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Seasonal variations in the numbers of trichostrongylid nematode eggs and their larvae in the faeces of farmed goats in Malaysia

Rahman WA

Vet Parasitol, 1992 Apr;42(1-2):163-6.
PMID: 1615628

Faecal worm egg counts of goats from two farms in Penang Island, West Malaysia, were monitored over a period of 14 months. The faecal egg count pattern followed that of total rainfall. The humid tropical environment was favourable for the development of various species of trichostrongylid nematodes, namely Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Cooperia spp. Generally, H. contortus was observed to be the predominant species, more so in the monsoon months of the year.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
The first molecular survey of theileriosis in Malaysian cattle, sheep and goats

Kho KL, Amarajothi ADG, Koh FX, Panchadcharam C, Hassan Nizam QN, Tay ST

Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports, 2017 12;10:149-153.
PMID: 31014589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.08.003

This study reports the molecular detection of Theileria spp. from six cattle farms, a sheep farm and a goat farm located at different states in Peninsular Malaysia. Animal blood samples were screened for the presence of Theileria DNA using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A total of 155 (69.2%) of 224 cattle investigated were PCR-positive for Theileria DNA. The occurrences of Theileria spp. ranged from 17.5% to 100.0% across six cattle farms. Theileria DNA was detected from 90.0% of 40 sheep but none of 40 goats examined in this study. Sequence analyses of amplified 18S rRNA partial fragments (335-338bp) confirmed the identification of Theileria buffeli, Theileria sergenti, and Theileria sinensis in representative samples of cattle and ticks. T. luwenshuni was identified in the infected sheep. The high occurrences of Theileria spp. in our farm animals highlight the needs for appropriate control and preventive measures for theileriosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Fulltext Molecular phylogenetics of a recently isolated goat pox virus from Vietnam

Pham TH, Rahaman NYA, Lila MAM, Lai HLT, Nguyen LT, Van Nguyen G, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2021 Mar 08;17(1):115.
PMID: 33685458 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02777-1

BACKGROUND: After a decade of silence, an outbreak of the contagious and Asian endemic disease, goat pox re-emerged in North Vietnam affecting more than 1800 heads with a mortality rate of 6.5%. The inevitable impact of goat pox on hide quality, breeding, chevon and milk production has resulted in a significant economic losses to the developing goat industry of Vietnam. In the act of establishing an effective control of this devastating disease, tracing the source of re-emergence via a phylogenetic study was carried out to reveal their genetic relatedness. Either skin scab or papule from the six affected provinces were collected, cultured into Vero cells followed by restricted enzyme digestion of targeted P32 gene DNA encoding. The P32 gene was then cloned and transformed into E.coli competent cells for further sequencing.
RESULTS: The isolated sequence is deposited into GenBank under Accession No. MN317561/VNUAGTP1. The phylogenetic tree revealed high similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences to references goat pox strains accounting for 99.6 and 99.3, respectively. The Vietnamese strain is clustered together with currently circulating goat pox virus in China, India and Pakistan which suggested the origin of South China.
CONCLUSIONS: This Vietnam isolate is clustered together with other Asian goat pox strains indicating the dissemination of a common goat pox virus within this continent.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext Serological evidence of henipavirus exposure in cattle, goats and pigs in Bangladesh

Chowdhury S, Khan SU, Crameri G, Epstein JH, Broder CC, Islam A, et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Nov;8(11):e3302.
PMID: 25412358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003302

BACKGROUND: Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging disease that causes severe encephalitis and respiratory illness in humans. Pigs were identified as an intermediate host for NiV transmission in Malaysia. In Bangladesh, NiV has caused recognized human outbreaks since 2001 and three outbreak investigations identified an epidemiological association between close contact with sick or dead animals and human illness.
METHODOLOGY: We examined cattle and goats reared around Pteropus bat roosts in human NiV outbreak areas. We also tested pig sera collected under another study focused on Japanese encephalitis.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We detected antibodies against NiV glycoprotein in 26 (6.5%) cattle, 17 (4.3%) goats and 138 (44.2%) pigs by a Luminex-based multiplexed microsphere assay; however, these antibodies did not neutralize NiV. Cattle and goats with NiVsG antibodies were more likely to have a history of feeding on fruits partially eaten by bats or birds (PR=3.1, 95% CI 1.6-5.7) and drinking palmyra palm juice (PR=3.9, 95% CI 1.5-10.2).
CONCLUSIONS: This difference in test results may be due to the exposure of animals to one or more novel viruses with antigenic similarity to NiV. Further research may identify a novel organism of public health importance.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext Prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of Bartonella bovis in cattle and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks in Peninsular Malaysia

Kho KL, Koh FX, Jaafar T, Nizam QN, Tay ST

BMC Vet Res, 2015;11:153.
PMID: 26179499 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0470-1

Bartonellosis is an emerging zoonotic infection responsible for a variety of clinical syndromes in humans and animals. Members of the genus Bartonella exhibit high degrees of genetic diversity and ecologic plasticity. The infection is usually transmitted to animals and humans through blood-feeding arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, ticks and sandflies. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella species in 184 beef cattle, 40 dairy cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in eight animal farms across Peninsular Malaysia. Bartonella-specific PCR assays and sequence analysis of partial fragments of the citrate synthase gene were used for detection and identification of B. bovis. Isolation of B. bovis was attempted from PCR-positive blood samples. Molecular heterogeneity of the isolates was investigated based on sequence analysis of gltA, ITS, rpoB genes, ERIC-PCR, as well as using an established multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The carriage rate of B. bovis in ticks was also determined in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology
Strongyle infections in sheep and goats under the traditional husbandry system in peninsular Malaysia

Dorny P, Symoens C, Jalila A, Vercruysse J, Sani R

Vet Parasitol, 1995 Jan;56(1-3):121-36.
PMID: 7732637

Faecal egg counts were used to study patterns of trichostrongyle infections in sheep and goats according to season, age, pregnancy and lactation on traditional farms in west Malaysia. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most important strongyles in sheep and in goats, H. contortus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. were most prevalent. The faecal egg counts of sheep and goats were apparently not influenced by the small seasonal climatic variations. Strongyle infections were acquired at an earlier age in sheep than in goats. Mean faecal egg counts decreased from the age of 8 months onwards in sheep while in goats this occurred from 12-18 months onwards. A periparturient rise in strongyle egg counts was observed in both animal species. Haemonchus contortus was mainly responsible for this rise in faecal egg counts. The results are discussed with reference to control of gastrointestinal strongyle infections in sheep and goats.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology*
Coxiella Detection in Ticks from Wildlife and Livestock in Malaysia

Khoo JJ, Lim FS, Chen F, Phoon WH, Khor CS, Pike BL, et al.

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2016 12;16(12):744-751.
PMID: 27763821

Recent studies have shown that ticks harbor Coxiella-like bacteria, which are potentially tick-specific endosymbionts. We recently described the detection of Coxiella-like bacteria and possibly Coxiella burnetii in ticks found from rural areas in Malaysia. In the present study, we collected ticks, including Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Dermacentor compactus, Dermacentor steini, and Amblyomma sp. from wildlife and domesticated goats from four different locations in Malaysia. Coxiella 16s rRNA genomic sequences were detected by PCR in 89% of ticks tested. Similarity analysis and phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA and rpoB partial sequences were performed for 10 representative samples selected based on the tick species, sex, and location. The findings here suggested the presence of C. burnetii in two samples, each from D. steini and H. hystricis. The sequences of both samples clustered with published C. burnetii sequences. The remaining eight tick samples were shown to harbor 16s rRNA sequences of Coxiella-like bacteria, which clustered phylogenetically according to the respective tick host species. The findings presented here added to the growing evidence of the association between Coxiella-like bacteria and ticks across species and geographical boundaries. The importance of C. burnetii found in ticks in Malaysia warrants further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Goat Diseases/epidemiology

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