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A comparative study of the biological properties of some sea snake venoms

Tan NH, Ponnudurai G

Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1991;99(2):351-4.
PMID: 1764914

1. The protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, arginine ester hydrolase, procoagulant, anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities of ten samples of venoms from seven taxa of sea snakes were examined. 2. The results show that venoms of sea snakes of both subfamilies of Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae are characterized by a very low level of enzymatic activities, except phospholipase A activity and, for some species, hyaluronidase activity. 3. Because of the low levels of enzymatic activities and the total lack of procoagulant and hemorrhagic activities, venom biological properties are not useful for the differentiation of species of sea snakes. Nevertheless, the unusually low levels of enzymatic activities of sea snake venoms may be used to distinguish sea snake venoms from other elapid or viperid venoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism
Fulltext Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity of Pentacylic Triterpenoids from Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum: Isolation, Synthesis and QSAR Study

Abdullah NH, Thomas NF, Sivasothy Y, Lee VS, Liew SY, Noorbatcha IA, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2016 Feb 14;17(2):143.
PMID: 26907251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020143

The mammalian hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid by the cleavage of the β-1,4-glycosidic bond furnishing a tetrasaccharide molecule as the main product which is a highly angiogenic and potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines. Ursolic acid 1, isolated from Prismatomeris tetrandra, was identified as having the potential to develop inhibitors of hyaluronidase. A series of ursolic acid analogues were either synthesized via structure modification of ursolic acid 1 or commercially obtained. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of these compounds on the hyaluronidase enzyme was conducted. Several structural, topological and quantum chemical descriptors for these compounds were calculated using semi empirical quantum chemical methods. A quantitative structure activity relationship study (QSAR) was performed to correlate these descriptors with the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. The statistical characteristics provided by the best multi linear model (BML) (R² = 0.9717, R²cv = 0.9506) indicated satisfactory stability and predictive ability of the developed model. The in silico molecular docking study which was used to determine the binding interactions revealed that the ursolic acid analog 22 had a strong affinity towards human hyaluronidase.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism
A comparative study of the biological activities of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) venoms

Tan NH, Ponnudurai G

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1991;98(2-3):455-61.
PMID: 1676959

1. The hemorrhagic, procoagulant, anticoagulant, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A and L-amino acid oxidase activities of 50 venom samples from 20 taxa of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) were examined. 2. The results show that notwithstanding individual variations in the biological activities of Crotalus venoms and the wide ranges of certain biological activities observed, there are some common characteristics at the genus and species levels. 3. The differences in biological activities of the venoms compared can be used for differentiation of the species. Particularly useful for this purpose are the thrombin-like enzyme, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, hemorrhagic and phospholipase A activities and kaolin-cephalin clotting time measurements.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism
A comparative study of the biological activities of venoms from snakes of the genus Agkistrodon (moccasins and copperheads)

Tan NH, Ponnudurai G

Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1990;95(3):577-82.
PMID: 2158874

1. The hemorrhagic, procoagulant, anticoagulant, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, arginine ester hydrolase, phospholipase A, L-amino acid oxidase and protease activities of 31 samples of venom from three species of Agkistrodon (A. bilineatus, A. contortrix and A. piscivorus) and 10 venom samples from five other related species belonging to the same tribe of Agkistrodontini were examined. 2. The results indicate that interspecific differences in certain biological activities of the Agkistrodon venoms are more marked than individual variations of the activities, and that these differences can be used for differentiation of the species. Particularly useful for this purpose are the phosphodiesterase, arginine ester hydrolase and anticoagulant activities of the venoms. 3. Venoms of the subspecies of A. contortrix and A. piscivorus do not differ significantly in their biological activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism
A comparative study of the biological properties of krait (genus Bungarus) venoms

Tan NH, Ponnudurai G

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1990;95(1):105-9.
PMID: 1971550

1. The intravenous median lethal doses (LD50), protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase, hyauronidase and anticoagulant activities of fourteen samples of venoms from the four common species of krait (Bungarus caeruleus, Bungarus candidus, Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus fasciatus) were examined. 2. The results indicate that even though there are individual variations in the biological properties of the krait venoms, interspecific differences in the properties can be used for differentiation of the venoms from the four species of Bungarus. Particularly useful for this purpose are the LD50's and the contents of 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase of the venoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism
Effects of iridoids on lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase activities and their activation by beta-glucosidase in the presence of amino acids

Ling SK, Tanaka T, Kouno I

Biol Pharm Bull, 2003 Mar;26(3):352-6.
PMID: 12612446

Enzyme inhibitory activities of 14 iridoids previously obtained from two Malaysian medicinal plants, Saprosma scortechinii and Rothmannia macrophylla, were evaluated in vitro using soybean lipoxygenase and bovine testis hyaluronidase. Most of the iridoids, including asperulosidic acid, paederosidic acid, and an epimeric mixture of gardenogenins A and B, did not show any effect on the enzyme activities, except for the bis-iridoids, which inhibited the lipoxygenase activity with their IC(50) values of approximately 1.3 times that of a known inhibitor, fisetin. Structural modification of asperulosidic acid and paederosidic acid through enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-glucosidase resulted in their inhibition towards the enzyme activities, and these activities were enhanced by the presence of some amino acids (lysine, leucine or glutamic acid) or ammonium acetate. Mixtures of gardenogenins A and B; isomers of non-glucosidic iridoids, incubated with amino acid or ammonium acetate did not show any inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities during the 6 h incubation period, except for lysine where spontaneous reaction between the iridoids and amino acid resulted in the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. The results from these biomimetic reactions suggested that the iridoid aglycons and the intermediates formed by these reactive species could inhibit the enzyme activities, and thus substantiate previous reports that the formation of iridoidal aglycons is a prerequisite for the iridoid glycosides to demonstrate some of the biological activities. In addition, the results also indicated that it is worthwhile to further explore these intermediates as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism*
Fulltext Effects of Payena dasyphylla (Miq.) on hyaluronidase enzyme activity and metalloproteinases protein expressions in interleukin-1β stimulated human chondrocytes cells

Citalingam K, Zareen S, Shaari K, Ahmad S

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013 Aug 23;13:213.
PMID: 23971790 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-213

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronidases have been found as the target enzymes in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) disease. While there is still no curative treatment for this disease, recent studies on the treatment of OA were focused on the effectiveness of natural products which are expected to improve the symptoms with minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to screen selected Malaysian plants on their anti-hyaluronidase activity as well as to evaluate the active plant and its derived fractions on its potential anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities.
METHODS: A total of 20 methanolic crude extracts (bark and leaf) from ten different plants were screened using a colorimetric hyaluronidase enzymatic assay. The active plant extract (Payena dasyphylla) was then studied for its hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated human chondrocytes cell line (NHAC-kn) using zymography method. The Payena dasyphylla methanolic bark extract was then fractionated into several fractions in where the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on the HYAL1 and HYAL2 gene expressions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. While the MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expressions were evaluated using western blot method. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the three fractions as well as the antioxidant property of the EA fraction were also evaluated.
RESULTS: Bark extract of Payena dasyphylla (100 μg/ml) showed the highest inhibitory activity against bovine testicular hyaluronidase with 91.63%. The plant extract also inhibited hyaluronidase expression in the cultured human chondrocyte cells in response to IL-1β (100 ng/ml). Similarly, treatment with Payena dasyphylla ethyl acetate (EA) fraction (100 μg/ml) inhibited the HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNA gene expressions as well as MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. Payena dasyphylla EA fraction has demonstrated the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid content with 168.62 ± 10.93 mg GAE/g and 95.96 ± 2.96 mg RE/g respectively as compared to water and hexane fractions. In addition, the Payena dasyphylla EA fraction showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value of 11.64 ± 1.69 μg/mL.
CONCLUSION: These findings have shown that Payena dasyphylla might contained potential phenolic compounds that inhibiting the key enzyme in osteoarthritis development, which is the hyaluronidase enzyme through interruption of HYAL1 and HYAL1 gene expressions. The degradation of cartilage could also be inhibited by the plant through suppression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 protein expressions. We also reported that the inhibitory effect of Payena dasyphylla on hyaluronidase activity and expression might be due to its anti-oxidant property.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism*
Comparison of different methods for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly

Salehinejad P, Alitheen NB, Ali AM, Omar AR, Mohit M, Janzamin E, et al.

In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2012 Feb;48(2):75-83.
PMID: 22274909 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9480-x

Several techniques have been devised for the dissociation of tissues for primary culture. These techniques can affect the quantity and quality of the isolated cells. The aim of our study was to develop the most appropriate method for the isolation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal (hUCM) cells. In the present study, we compared four methods for the isolation of hUCM cells: three enzymatic methods; collagenase/hyaluronidase/trypsin (CHT), collagenase/trypsin (CT) and trypsin (Trp), and an explant culture (Exp) method. The trypan blue dye exclusion test, the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase activity and histochemical staining were used to evaluate the results of the different methods. The hUCM cells were successfully isolated by all methods but the isolation method used profoundly altered the cell number and proliferation capacity of the isolated cells. The cells were successfully differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages and alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the hUCM cell colonies of all groups. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 were expressed in all groups, while CD34 and CD45 were not expressed. The expression of C-kit in the enzymatic groups was higher than in the explant group, while the expression of Oct-4 was higher in the CT group compared to the other groups. We concluded that the collagenase/trypsin method of cell isolation yields a higher cell density than the others. These cells expressed a higher rate of pluripotent cell markers such as C-kit and Oct-4, while the explant method of cell isolation resulted in a higher cell proliferation rate and activity compared to the other methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism