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Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusions a cause of transient ischemic attack

Zulkifli A

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):52-4.
PMID: 542153
Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Renal/etiology
Fulltext Primary arteritis of aorta causing renal artery stenosis and hypertension

Danaraj TJ, Wong HO, Thomas MA

Br Heart J, 1963 Mar;25(2):153-65.
PMID: 14024854

The evidence presented by the nine cases described in this paper indicates that primary arteritis of the aorta is a single clinico-pathological entity of which Takayashu's syndrome is a part. Different segments of the aorta may be affected resulting in a variety of symptom complexes. In this series, the mode of presentation was hypertension consequent on renal artery stenosis. Early diagnosis is important and surgical treatment is indicated to relieve the hypertension which carries an immediately serious prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Renal*
Dialysis-treated end-stage kidney disease in Libya: epidemiology and risk factors

Goleg FA, Kong NC, Sahathevan R

Int Urol Nephrol, 2014 Aug;46(8):1581-7.
PMID: 24671275 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0694-1

PURPOSE: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is now a worldwide pandemic. In concert with this, ESKD in Libya has also increased exponentially in recent decades. This review aims to define the magnitude of and risks for this ESKD epidemic among Libyans as there is a dearth of published data on this subject.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Google scholar databases to identify all relevant papers published in English from 2003 to 2012, using the following keywords: end stage, terminal, chronic, renal, kidney, risk factors, Arab, North Africa and Libya.
RESULTS: In 2003, the reported incidence of ESKD and prevalence of dialysis-treated ESKD in Libya were the same at 200 per million population (pmp). In 2007, the prevalence of dialysis-treated ESKD was 350 pmp, but the true incidence of ESKD was not available. The most recent published WHO data in 2012 showed the incidence of dialysis-treated ESKD had risen to 282 pmp and the prevalence of dialysis-treated ESKD had reached 624 pmp. The leading causes of ESKD were diabetic kidney disease (26.5 %), chronic glomerulonephritis (21.1 %), hypertensive nephropathy (14.6 %) and congenital/hereditary disease (12.3 %). The total number of dialysis centers was 40 with 61 nephrologists. Nephrologist/internist to patient ratio was 1:40, and nurse to patient ratio was 1:3.7. Only 135 living-related kidney transplants had been performed between 2004 and 2007. There were no published data on most macroeconomic and renal service factors.
CONCLUSIONS: ESKD is a major public health problem in Libya with diabetic kidney disease and chronic glomerulonephritis being the leading causes. The most frequent co-morbidities were hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. In addition to provision of RRT, preventive strategies are also urgently needed for a holistic integrated renal care system.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Renal/complications
Chronic pyelonephritis: the significance of renal renin and the vascular changes in the human kidney

Peh SC, Lindop GB

J Pathol, 1991 Apr;163(4):343-9.
PMID: 2033493

Hypertension complicates chronic pyelonephritis. Since arterial narrowing is common in the damaged kidney, activation of the renin-angiotensin system due to renal ischaemia has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism. We used an antiserum to human renin and an immunoperoxidase technique to study the anatomy of renin-containing cells (RCC) in 18 kidneys removed for pyeloneophritis. We independently assessed the degree of arterial narrowing and correlated these variables with the clinical findings. There was histological evidence of hyperplasia of RCC in 5 of the 6 hypertensive patients and in 7 of the 12 non-hypertensive cases. There was no difference in the apparent number or distribution of RCC between the hypertensive and the non-hypertensive cases. Also, the degree of arterial narrowing did not correlate with either the hyperplasia of RCC or the blood pressure of the patients. Our results do not support the hypothesis that narrowing of the intrarenal arteries is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension in pyelonephritis. In our cases, the renal veins were more severely damaged than the arteries and their lumina were often obliterated by organized thrombus. We suggest that such widespread obliteration of the renal venous tree could impair blood flow and contribute to the tissue damage in the pyelonephritic kidney.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Renal/etiology*
Losartan reduces the costs of diabetic end-stage renal disease: an Asian perspective

Seng WK, Hwang SJ, Han DC, Teong CC, Chan J, Burke TA, et al.

Nephrology (Carlton), 2005 Oct;10(5):520-4.
PMID: 16221106

To evaluate losartan and conventional antihypertensive therapy (CT) compared with CT alone on the cost associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Renal/drug therapy; Hypertension, Renal/economics