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Decay of heat acclimation during exercise in cold and exposure to cold environment

Saat M, Sirisinghe RG, Singh R, Tochihara Y

Eur J Appl Physiol, 2005 Oct;95(4):313-20.
PMID: 16151840

Sixteen male students exercised for 14 days (1 h/day) in the heat for heat acclimation (HA). During deacclimation (DA) one group exercised in the cold (EXG, n=8) for 60 min/day (morning) and was exposed to the cold for another hour (afternoon) for 14 days. The other group was exposed to the cold (EPG, n=8) for 1 h each in the morning and afternoon (Ta: 18.0 degrees C, RH: 58%) over the same period. All returned to exercise in the heat for reacclimation (RA) for 10 days. Subjects were tested on days 1, 16, 21, 32, 36 and 44 on a bicycle ergometer for 60 min at 60% of VO(2max) in the heat (Ta: 31.1 degrees C, RH: 70%). Rectal temperature (T (re)) and heart rate (HR) at 40 min of exercise were used to determine the decay/gain of HA, which was calculated using the formula described by Pandolf et al. (Ergonomics, 20:399-408, 1977). After HA (day 16) T (re) and HR decreased significantly. During DA, EXG showed decay in T (re) of 24 and 35% and HR of 29 and 35% on days 21 and 32, respectively. For EPG the corresponding decay was of 2 and 9% for T (re) and 17 and 17% for HR. After 10 days of RA, EXG showed gains of 11% in T (re) and 12% in HR, while EPG showed gains of 47% in T (re) and 38% in HR. In conclusion, EXG had greater decay during DA and lower gains in RA compared to EPG. However, the differences between groups were significant only for T (re) after 4 days of DA.

Matched MeSH terms: Lactase/blood*
Fulltext Hypolactasia & lactose intolerance among three ethnic groups in Malaysia

Asmawi MZ, Seppo L, Vapaatalo H, Korpela R

Indian J Med Res, 2006 Dec;124(6):697-704.
PMID: 17287558

Prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia is known to vary among different countries and in different ethnic populations in the same country. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of hypolactasia and lactose intolerance in three different ethnic populations living in similar environmental conditions in Malaysia. The correlation between different symptoms and lactose intolerance test was also studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Lactase/deficiency*
Fulltext Lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance in a multiracial Asian population in Malaysia

Goh LH, Mohd Said R, Goh KL

JGH Open, 2018 Dec;2(6):307-310.
PMID: 30619942 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12089

Background and Aims: There have been few reports on lactase deficiency (LD) and lactose intolerance (LI) in Malaysia, which has a peculiar mix of three distinct major Asian races-Malay, Chinese, and Indian. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LD and LI in a young multiethnic Malaysian population.
Methods: Lactase activity was measured with a 13CO2 lactose breath test using an infrared spectrometer. Each subject took 25 g of lactose naturally enriched in 13CO2 together with 250 mL of water after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline and at 15-min intervals for 180 min. Subjects were asked to report gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following ingestion of the lactose test meal.
Results: Of the 248 subjects tested, 216 (87.1%) were lactase deficient. We found no significant differences in the presentation of LD between gender and races. LD was found in 87.5% of males and 86.8% of females (P = 0.975) and in different races: Chinese (88.5%) versus Malay (83.1%) (P = 0.399), Indian (90.5%) versus Malay (P = 0.295), and Chinese versus Indian (P = 0.902). LI was diagnosed in only 49 (19.8%) subjects; 35 patients had diarrhea, while the remainder had at least two other GI symptoms after the lactose meal.
Conclusion: The prevalence of LD was high in all three major ethnic groups-Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Ironically, the prevalence of LI was low overall.

Matched MeSH terms: Lactase
Lactase can target cellular differentiation of Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype

Simau FA, Ahmed U, Khan KM, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Alharbi AM, et al.

Parasitol Res, 2024 Jan 31;123(2):117.
PMID: 38294565 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08131-2

The free living Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous amoebae associated with potentially blinding disease known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and a fatal central nervous system infection granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). With the inherent ability of cellular differentiation, it can phenotypically transform to a dormant cyst form from an active trophozoite form. Acanthamoeba cysts are highly resistant to therapeutic agents as well as contact lens cleaning solutions. One way to tackle drug resistance against Acanthamoeba is by inhibiting the formation of cysts from trophozoites. The biochemical analysis showed that the major component of Acanthamoeba cyst wall is composed of carbohydrate moieties such as galactose and glucose. The disaccharide of galactose and glucose is lactose. In this study, we analyzed the potential of lactase enzyme to target carbohydrate moieties of cyst walls. Amoebicidal assessment showed that lactase was ineffective against trophozoite of A. castellanii but enhanced amoebicidal effects of chlorhexidine. The lactase enzyme did not show any toxicity against normal human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) at the tested range. Hence, lactase can be used for further assessment for development of potential therapeutic agents in the management of Acanthamoeba infection as well as formulation of effective contact lens disinfectants.

Matched MeSH terms: Lactase