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  1. Kamaruzaman NA, Kardia E, Kamaldin N', Latahir AZ, Yahaya BH
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:691830.
    PMID: 23653896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/691830
    No single animal model can reproduce all of the human features of both acute and chronic lung diseases. However, the rabbit is a reliable model and clinically relevant facsimile of human disease. The similarities between rabbits and humans in terms of airway anatomy and responses to inflammatory mediators highlight the value of this species in the investigation of lung disease pathophysiology and in the development of therapeutic agents. The inflammatory responses shown by the rabbit model, especially in the case of asthma, are comparable with those that occur in humans. The allergic rabbit model has been used extensively in drug screening tests, and this model and humans appear to be sensitive to similar drugs. In addition, recent studies have shown that the rabbit serves as a good platform for cell delivery for the purpose of stem-cell-based therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  2. Norzila MZ, Azizi BHO, Norrashidah AW, Yeoh NM, Deng CT
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):151-7.
    PMID: 11771074
    Summary: Home oxygen therapy programme is new in Malaysia. This programme enables children with respiratory insufficiency to be discharged home early.
    Materials and Methods: Long term oxygen therapy was initiated using an oxygen concentrator in patients who i) remained hypoxic while breathing room air, ii) experienced desaturations of more than 20% during sleep as seen in patients with severe laryngomalacia and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and iii) had pulmonary hypertension with or without polycythemia. The median with first and third quartile values are presented for the quantitative variables.
    Results: A total of 71 patients mainly children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (32) and bronchiolitis obliterans (12) were discharged home on this programme. The median age at which home oxygen was initiated in children with BPD was 5.0 (Q1:2 Q3:8) months. The median total duration of oxygen requirement for BPD was 8.0 (Q1:5, Q3:12) months. The median duration of home oxygen dependency was 3.5 (Q1:3, Q3:6) months. However children with bronchiolitis obliterans required longer duration of oxygen therapy compared to children with BPD i.e. median duration of 28 months (Q1:14.5 Q3:66). In other respiratory conditions the mean duration of supplemental oxygen varies some of which may be life long.
    Conclusions: This paper has shown the importance of home oxygen program in children with respiratory disorders. It has significantly shortened hospital stay and thus saves hospital costs and prevents prolonged separation from the family.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  3. Chellappan DK, Sze Ning QL, Su Min SK, Bin SY, Chern PJ, Shi TP, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Sep 01;310:108732.
    PMID: 31276660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108732
    BACKGROUND: The human body is a home to thousands of microbiotas. It is defined as a community of symbiotic, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms that have existed in all exposed sites of the body, which have co-evolved with diet, lifestyle, genetic factors and immune factors. Human microbiotas have been studied for years on their effects with relation to health and diseases.

    METHODS: Relevant published studies, literature and reports were searched from accessible electronic databases and related institutional databases. We used keywords, viz; microbiome, microbiota, microbiome drug delivery and respiratory disease. Selected articles were carefully read through, clustered, segregated into subtopics and reviewed.

    FINDINGS: The traditional belief of sterile lungs was challenged by the emergence of culture-independent molecular techniques and the recently introduced invasive broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) sampling method. The constitution of a lung microbiome mainly depends on three main ecological factors, which include; firstly, the immigration of microbes into airways, secondly, the removal of microbes from airways and lastly, the regional growth conditions. In healthy conditions, the microbial communities that co-exist in our lungs can build significant pulmonary immunity and could act as a barrier against diseases, whereas, in an adverse way, microbiomes may interact with other pathogenic bacteriomes and viromes, acting as a cofactor in inflammation and host immune responses, which may lead to the progression of a disease. Thus, the use of microbiota as a target, and as a drug delivery system in the possible modification of a disease state, has started to gain massive attention in recent years. Microbiota, owing to its unique characteristics, could serve as a potential drug delivery system, that could be bioengineered to suit the interest. The engineered microbiome-derived therapeutics can be delivered through BC, bacteriophage, bacteria-derived lipid vesicles and microbe-derived extracellular vesicles. This review highlights the relationships between microbiota and different types of respiratory diseases, the importance of microbiota towards human health and diseases, including the role of novel microbiome drug delivery systems in targeting various respiratory diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy
  4. Kardia E, Zakaria N, Sarmiza Abdul Halim NS, Widera D, Yahaya BH
    Regen Med, 2017 03;12(2):203-216.
    PMID: 28244823 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0112
    The therapeutic use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represents a promising alternative clinical strategy for treating acute and chronic lung disorders. Several preclinical reports demonstrated that MSCs can secrete multiple paracrine factors and that their immunomodulatory properties can support endothelial and epithelial regeneration, modulate the inflammatory cascade and protect lungs from damage. The effects of MSC transplantation into patients suffering from lung diseases should be fully evaluated through careful assessment of safety and associated risks, which is a prerequisite for translation of preclinical research into clinical practice. In this article, we summarize the current status of preclinical research and review initial MSC-based clinical trials for treating lung injuries and lung disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  5. Che Shaffi S, Hairuddin ON, Mansor SF, Syafiq TMF, Yahaya BH
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2024 Jun;21(4):513-527.
    PMID: 38598059 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00634-4
    BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have undergone extensive investigation for their potential therapeutic applications, primarily attributed to their paracrine activity. Recently, researchers have been exploring the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs.

    METHODS: MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar databases were used for the selection of literature. The keywords used were mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, clinical application of EVs and challenges EVs production.

    RESULTS: These EVs have demonstrated robust capabilities in transporting intracellular cargo, playing a critical role in facilitating cell-to-cell communication by carrying functional molecules, including proteins, RNA species, DNAs, and lipids. Utilizing EVs as an alternative to stem cells offers several benefits, such as improved safety, reduced immunogenicity, and the ability to traverse biological barriers. Consequently, EVs have emerged as an increasingly attractive option for clinical use.

    CONCLUSION: From this perspective, this review delves into the advantages and challenges associated with employing MSC-EVs in clinical settings, with a specific focus on their potential in treating conditions like lung diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy
  6. Kardia E, Yusoff NM, Zakaria Z, Yahaya B
    J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2014 Feb;27(1):30-4.
    PMID: 23409833 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1020
    Cell-based therapy has great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. The administration of cells into an injured lung is one method of repairing and replacing lost lung tissue. However, different types of delivery have been studied and compared, and none of the techniques resulted in engraftment of a high number of cells into the targeted organ. In this in vitro study, a novel method of cell delivery was introduced to investigate the possibility of delivering aerosolized skin-derived fibroblasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  7. Kardia E, Halim NSSA, Yahaya BH
    Methods Mol Biol, 2016;1516:243-255.
    PMID: 27062596 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_327
    Aerosol-based cell delivery technique via intratracheal is an effective route for delivering transplant cells directly into the lungs. An aerosol device known as the MicroSprayer(®) Aerosolizer is invented to transform liquid into an aerosol form, which then can be applied via intratracheal administration for drug delivery. The device produces a uniform and concentrated distribution of aerosolized liquid. Using the capability of MicroSprayer(®) Aerosolizer to transform liquid into aerosol form, our group has designed a novel method of cell delivery using an aerosol-based technique. We have successfully delivered skin-derived fibroblast cells and airway epithelial cells into the airway of a rabbit with minimum risk of cell loss and have uniformly distributed the cells into the airway. This chapter illustrates the application of aerosol device to deliver any type of cells for future treatment of lung diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  8. Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singhvi G, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Gupta G, Hansbro PM
    Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):230-231.
    PMID: 30563304 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03459-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*
  9. Woodhull S, Bush A, Tang AL, Padley S
    Paediatr Respir Rev, 2020 Nov;36:100-105.
    PMID: 32680823 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.001
    Acute, major pulmonary haemorrhage in children, is rare, may be life-threatening and at times presents atypically. Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus presenting with recurrent or massive hemoptysis was first described in adults. Prior to reviewing the literature, we report an illustrative case of bronchial Dieulafoy's disease (BDD) in a child presenting unusually with massive apparent hematemesis. The source of bleeding is a bronchial artery that fails to taper as it terminates within the bronchial submucosa. A high index of suspicion is required to identify such lesions via radiological imaging and the role of bronchial artery embolisation is highlighted with video images of angiography included.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy
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