Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 89 in total

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  1. Fulltext Viral persistence in colorectal cancer cells infected by Newcastle disease virus
    Chia SL, Yusoff K, Shafee N
    Virol J, 2014 May 16;11:91.
    PMID: 24886301 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-91
    BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is a candidate virotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Promising responses were observed in clinical studies. Despite its high potential, the possibility of the virus to develop a persistent form of infection in cancer cells has not been investigated. Occurrence of persistent infection by NDV in cancer cells may cause the cells to be less susceptible to the virus killing. This would give rise to a population of cancer cells that remains viable and resistant to treatment.

    RESULTS: During infection experiment in a series of colorectal cancer cell lines, we adventitiously observed a development of persistent infection by NDV in SW480 cells, but not in other cell lines tested. This cell population, designated as SW480P, showed resistancy towards NDV killing in a re-infection experiment. The SW480P cells retained NDV genome and produced virus progeny with reduced plaque forming ability.

    CONCLUSION: These observations showed that NDV could develop persistent infection in cancer cells and this factor needs to be taken into consideration when using NDV in clinical settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/growth & development*; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification
  2. Fulltext An improved method for the rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus
    Cheow PS, Tan TK, Song AA, Yusoff K, Chia SL
    Biotechniques, 2020 02;68(2):96-100.
    PMID: 31937115 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0110
    Reverse genetics has been used to generate recombinant Newcastle disease virus with enhanced immunogenic properties for vaccine development. The system, which involves co-transfecting the viral antigenomic plasmid with three helper plasmids into a T7 RNA polymerase-expressing cell to produce viral progenies, poses a great challenge. We have modified the standard transfection method to improve the transfection efficiency of the plasmids, resulting in a higher titer of virus progeny production. Two transfection reagents (i.e., lipofectamine and polyethylenimine) were used to compare the transfection efficiency of the four plasmids. The virus progenies produced were quantitated with flow cytometry analysis of the infectious virus unit. The modified transfection method increased the titer of virus progenies compared with that of the standard transfection method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus*
  3. Pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus with a filamentous bacteriophage
    Ramanujam P, Tan WS, Nathan S, Yusoff K
    Biotechniques, 2004 Feb;36(2):296-300, 302.
    PMID: 14989094
    A filamentous phage bearing the peptide sequence TLTTKLY was isolated from a heptapeptide phage display library against a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In order to investigate the potential of this specific phage as an immunological reagent in virus pathotyping, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method was developed. This method can differentiate the velogenic strains from the mesogenic and lentogenic strains. An equilibrium-binding assay in solution showed that the interactions between the phage and all the NDV strains gave rise to two widely differing dissociation constants (Kdrel). Based upon the first Kdrel values, NDV strains can be classified into two groups; the first comprises the velogenic strains, and the second consists of the mesogenic and lentogenic strains. These results indicate a high degree of correlation between the binding affinities and pathotyping of NDV strains using the TLTTKLY phage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics*; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification*; Newcastle disease virus/pathogenicity
  4. Detection of virulent Newcastle disease virus using a phage-capturing dot blot assay
    Lee TC, Yusoff K, Nathan S, Tan WS
    J Virol Methods, 2006 Sep;136(1-2):224-9.
    PMID: 16797732
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains can be classified as virulent or avirulent based upon the severity of the disease. Differentiation of the virus into virulent and avirulent is necessary for effective control of the disease. Biopanning experiments were performed using a disulfide constrained phage displayed heptapeptide library against three pathotypes of NDV strains: velogenic (highly virulent), mesogenic (moderately virulent) and lentogenic (avirulent). A phage clone bearing the peptide sequence SWGEYDM capable of distinguishing virulent from avirulent NDV strains was isolated. This phage clone was employed as a diagnostic reagent in a dot blot assay and it successfully detected only virulent NDV strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification*; Newcastle disease virus/pathogenicity*
  5. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Malaysia between 2004 and 2005
    Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M
    Arch Virol, 2010;155(1):63-70.
    PMID: 19898736 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0540-4
    Sequence analysis of the fusion (F) gene of eight Malaysian NDV isolates showed that all the isolates were categorized as velogenic viruses, with the F cleavage site motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R(116) or (112)R-R-R-K-R(116) at the C-terminus of the F(2) protein and phenylalanine (F) at residue 117 at the N-terminus of the F(1) protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the isolates were grouped in two distinct clusters under sub-genotype VIId. The isolates were about 4.8-11.7% genetically distant from sub-genotypes VIIa, VIIb, VIIc and VIIe. When the nucleotide sequences of the eight Malaysian isolates were compared phylogenetically to those of the old published local isolates, it was found that genotype VIII, VII, II and I viruses exist in Malaysia and caused sporadic infections. It is suggested that genotype VII viruses were responsible for most of the outbreaks in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/classification*; Newcastle disease virus/genetics*; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification; Newcastle disease virus/chemistry
  6. Identification of phosphoprotein:phosphoprotein and phosphoprotein:nucleocapsid protein interaction domains of the Newcastle disease virus
    Jahanshiri F, Eshaghi M, Yusoff K
    Arch Virol, 2005 Mar;150(3):611-8.
    PMID: 15592890
    The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to identify domains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) phosphoprotein (P) involved in self-association and interaction with the nucleocapsid protein (NP). Deletion analysis was used to map the domain(s) of the P protein involved in P:P and P:NP interactions. The C-terminal 45 amino acids (residues 247-291) were shown to play a major role in both of the interactions. Comparison of these findings with other reports suggests that paramyxoviruses are different with respect to interaction domain(s) between these two essential viral proteins involved in genome replication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/metabolism*
  7. Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of a Malaysian heat resistant viscerotropic-velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240
    Tan WS, Lau CH, Ng BK, Ibrahim AL, Yusoff K
    DNA Seq., 1995;6(1):47-50.
    PMID: 8746461
    The nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) viscerotropic-velogenic strain AF2240 was determined by direct RNA sequencing and by sequencing RT-PCR products. It encodes a single open reading frame of 581 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 63.8 kDa. The predicted sequence contains five asparagine glycosylation sites. Comparison of the AF2240 HN protein sequence with 13 other previously published sequences showed 88% homology. This HN protein is unique because it lacked the Arg 403 residue which is present in all of the other strains and cannot be grouped under the proposed three size classes of HN proteins in NDV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics*
  8. Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus sub-genotype VII 1.1 isolated from chickens in Sabah, Malaysia
    Syamsiah Aini S, Leow BL, Faizul Fikri MY, Muhammad Redzwan S, Faizah Hanim MS
    Trop Biomed, 2022 Dec 01;39(4):579-586.
    PMID: 36602219 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.015
    Newcastle disease (ND) is an extremely contagious and fatal viral disease causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Following recent ND outbreaks in Sabah in commercial poultry and backyard farms, it was speculated that this could be due to a new introduction of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype/sub-genotype. Here we report the genetic characterization of NDVs isolated from Sabah during early 2021. All isolates were amplified and sequenced with primers specific to the viral fusion (F) gene using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the F gene showed that all isolates shared similar homology of 99.4% with NDV strain from Iran isolated in 2018. Amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage site revealed the motif of 112RRQKRF117 indicating all isolates were of virulent strain. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all isolates were clustered under sub-genotype VII 1.1 and clustered together with isolates from Iran (previously known as subgenotype VIIl). The present findings suggested that there is an emerging of a new sub-genotype into the poultry population in Sabah and this sub-genotype has never been reported before in Malaysia. Therefore, transboundary monitoring and continuous surveillance should be implemented for proper control and prevention of the disease. A further molecular epidemiological analysis of NDV is needed to well understand the circulatory patterns of virulent strains of NDV in the country to prevent future outbreaks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics
  9. Fulltext Ultrastructure Microscopic Characterization of Apoptosis in Myelomoncytic Leukemia Cell Line Treated with Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain AF 2240
    Ali-Saeed R, Alabsi AM, Al-Garadi MA, Abdelwahab SI, Samrot AV, Subramaniyan V, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2024 Sep 01;25(9):2991-2998.
    PMID: 39342575 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.2991
    OBJECTIVE: Leukemia is a group of hematologic malignancies in the bonemarrow that arise from the dysfunctional proliferation of developing leukocytes. It is classified as either acute or chronic based on the rapidity of proliferation and as myelocytic or lymphocytic based on the cell of origin. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus, which has been demonstrated to possess significant oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers because its ability to kill tumor cells with limited toxicity to normal cells.

    METHODS:  In this study, the morphophical changes and apoptosis induction of WEHI 3B leukemia cell line treated with NDV strain AF2240 were studied by scanning electron microscopes and  transmission electron microscopes techniques.

    RESULT: Electron microscopy indicated that NDV strain AF 2240 significantly altered cell morphology and reduced cell viability. Furthermore,  early apoptosis was observed 6 h post-inoculation by fluorescence microscope.

    CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NDV has ability to induce significant apoptoic structural changes in WEHI 3B leukemia cell line. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action of NDV virotherapy and could lead to the development of more effective treatments for leukemia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus*
  10. Identification of new sub-genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus with potential panzootic features
    Miller PJ, Haddas R, Simanov L, Lublin A, Rehmani SF, Wajid A, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2015 Jan;29:216-29.
    PMID: 25445644 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.032
    Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from new sub-genotypes within genotype VII are rapidly spreading through Asia and the Middle East causing outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) characterized by significant illness and mortality in poultry, suggesting the existence of a fifth panzootic. These viruses, which belong to the new sub-genotypes VIIh and VIIi, have epizootic characteristics and do not appear to have originated directly from other genotype VII NDV isolates that are currently circulating elsewhere, but are related to the present and past Indonesian NDV viruses isolated from wild birds since the 80s. Viruses from sub-genotype VIIh were isolated in Indonesia (2009-2010), Malaysia (2011), China (2011), and Cambodia (2011-2012) and are closely related to the Indonesian NDV isolated in 2007, APMV1/Chicken/Karangasem, Indonesia (Bali-01)/2007. Since 2011 and during 2012 highly related NDV isolates from sub-genotype VIIi have been isolated from poultry production facilities and occasionally from pet birds, throughout Indonesia, Pakistan and Israel. In Pakistan, the viruses of sub-genotype VIIi have replaced NDV isolates of genotype XIII, which were commonly isolated in 2009-2011, and they have become the predominant sub-genotype causing ND outbreaks since 2012. In a similar fashion, the numbers of viruses of sub-genotype VIIi isolated in Israel increased in 2012, and isolates from this sub-genotype are now found more frequently than viruses from the previously predominant sub-genotypes VIId and VIIb, from 2009 to 2012. All NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIIi are approximately 99% identical to each other and are more closely related to Indonesian viruses isolated from 1983 through 1990 than to those of genotype VII, still circulating in the region. Similarly, in addition to the Pakistani NDV isolates of the original genotype XIII (now called sub-genotype XIIIa), there is an additional sub-genotype (XIIIb) that was initially detected in India and Iran. This sub-genotype also appears to have as an ancestor a NDV strain from an Indian cockatoo isolated in 1982. These data suggest the existence of a new panzootic composed of viruses of subgenotype VIIi and support our previous findings of co-evolution of multiple virulent NDV genotypes in unknown reservoirs, e.g. as recorded with the virulent NDV identified in Dominican Republic in 2008. The co-evolution of at least three different sub-genotypes reported here and the apparent close relationship of some of those genotypes from ND viruses isolated from wild birds, suggests that identifying wild life reservoirs may help predict new panzootics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/classification*; Newcastle disease virus/genetics*
  11. Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein: self-assembly and length-determination domains
    Kho CL, Tan WS, Tey BT, Yusoff K
    J Gen Virol, 2003 Aug;84(Pt 8):2163-2168.
    PMID: 12867648 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19107-0
    The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus expressed in E. coli assembled as ring- and herringbone-like particles. In order to identify the contiguous NP sequence essential for assembly of these particles, 11 N- or C-terminally deleted NP mutants were constructed and their ability to self-assemble was tested. The results indicate that a large part of the NP N-terminal end, encompassing amino acids 1 to 375, is required for proper folding to form a herringbone-like structure. In contrast, the C-terminal end covering amino acids 376 to 489 was dispensable for the formation of herringbone-like particles. A region located between amino acids 375 to 439 may play a role in regulating the length of the herringbone-like particles. Mutants with amino acid deletions further from the C-terminal end (84, 98, 109 and 114 amino acids) tended to form longer particles compared to mutants with shorter deletions (25 and 49 amino acids).
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/metabolism*
  12. Detection of Newcastle disease virus using a SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction
    Tan SW, Omar AR, Aini I, Yusoff K, Tan WS
    Acta Virol., 2004;48(1):23-8.
    PMID: 15230471
    A two-step SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR, real time PCR) for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed. A melting curve analysis was performed to distinguish specific from non-specific products and primer dimers. Regardless of different virus pathotypes the melting temperature (Tm) ranged from 86 degrees C to 87 degrees C. The sensitivity of the real time PCR was compared with the reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, RT-nested PCR ELISA). Whereas the detection limit of the real time PCR was 10 pg DNA, the RT-nested PCR ELISA and conventional PCR could only detect up to 1 ng and 10 ng DNA, respectively. Thus the real time PCR offers a sensitive, rapid and convenient method for screening large number of NDV specimens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification*
  13. Purification of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Newcastle disease virus from unclarified feedstock using expanded bed adsorption chromatography
    Tan YP, Ling TC, Tan WS, Yusoff K, Tey BT
    Protein Expr Purif, 2006 Mar;46(1):114-21.
    PMID: 16139513
    In the present work, a single-step purification of recombinant nucleocapsid protein (NP) of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) directly from unclarified feedstock using an expanded bed adsorption chromatography (EBAC) was developed. Streamline 25 column (ID = 25 mm) was used as a contactor and Streamline chelating adsorbent immobilized with Ni2+ ion was used as affinity adsorbent. The dynamic binding capacity of Ni2+ -loaded Streamline chelating adsorbent for the NP protein in unclarified feedstock was found to be 2.94 mg ml(-1) adsorbent at a superficial velocity of 200 cm h(-1). The direct purification of NP protein from unclarified feedstock using expanded bed adsorption has resulted in a 31% adsorption and 9.6% recovery of NP protein. The purity of the NP protein recovered was about 70% and the volume of processing fluid was reduced by a factor of 10. The results of the present study show that the IMA-EBAC developed could be used to combine the clarification, concentration and initial purification steps into a single-step operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/enzymology*; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification
  14. Fulltext Liver Pathology in Rats Treated with Newcastle Disease Virus Strains AF2240 and V4-UPM
    Assayaghi RM, Alabsi AM, Swethadri G, Ali AM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Oct 01;20(10):3071-3075.
    PMID: 31653156 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.10.3071
    BACKGROUND: Treatment of cancer with chemo-radiotherapy causes severe side effects due to cytotoxic effects towards normal tissues which often results in morbidity. Therefore, developing anticancer agents which can selectively target the cancer cells and cause less side effects are the main objectives of the new therapeutic strategies for treatment advanced or metastatic cancers. Newcastle disease virus strains AF2240 and V4-UPM were shown to be cytolytic against various cancer cells in-vitro and very effective as antileukemicagents.

    METHODS: 45 rats at 6 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to nine groups with 5 rats in each group, both azoxymethane (AOM) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were given to rats according to the body weight. NDV virus strains (AF2240 and V4-UPM) doses were determined to rats according to CD50 resulted from MTT assay. After 8 doses of NDV strians and 5-FU, tissue sections preparations and histopathological study of rats' organs were done.

    RESULTS: In this article morphological changes of rats' organs, especially in livers, after treatment with a colon carcinogen (azoxymethane) and Newcastle disease virus strains have been recorded. We observed liver damage caused by AOM evidenced by morphological changes and enzymatic elevation were protected by the oncolytic viruses sections. Also we found that combination treatment NDV with 5-FU had greater antitumor efficacy than treatment with NDV or 5-FU alone.

    CONCLUSION: We noted morphological changes in liver and other rats' organs due to a chemical carcinogen and their protection by NDV AF2240 and NDV V4-UPM seems to be most protective.

    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/classification; Newcastle disease virus/genetics*
  15. Fulltext Safety and clinical usage of newcastle disease virus in cancer therapy
    Lam HY, Yeap SK, Pirozyan MR, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Suraini AA, et al.
    J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011;2011:718710.
    PMID: 22131816 DOI: 10.1155/2011/718710
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that causes deadly infection to over 250 species of birds, including domestic and wild-type, thus resulting in substantial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Many reports have demonstrated the oncolytic effect of NDV towards human tumor cells. The interesting aspect of NDV is its ability to selectively replicate in cancer cells. Some of the studies have undergone human clinical trials, and favorable results were obtained. Therefore, NDV strains can be the potential therapeutic agent in cancer therapy. However, investigation on the therapeutic perspectives of NDV, especially human immunological effects, is still ongoing. This paper provides an overview of the current studies on the cytotoxic and anticancer effect of NDV via direct oncolysis effects or immune stimulation. Safety of NDV strains applied for cancer immunotherapy is also discussed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/immunology*
  16. Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam
    Choi KS, Kye SJ, Kim JY, To TL, Nguyen DT, Lee YJ, et al.
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2014 Jan;46(1):271-7.
    PMID: 24061688 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0475-3
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/classification; Newcastle disease virus/genetics*
  17. Immunogenic properties of recombinant ectodomain of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein expressed in Escherichia coli
    Wong SK, Tan WS, Omar AR, Tan CS, Yusoff K
    Acta Virol., 2009;53(1):35-41.
    PMID: 19301949
    Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) plays a vital role in the viral infectivity, host immunity, and disease diagnosis. A portion of the HN gene encoding the ectodomain (nt 142-1739) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli yielding an insoluble HN protein and a soluble NusA-HN protein containing N-utilization substance A (NusA) fusion component. Both recombinant proteins were purified and used for immunization of chickens. The recombinant HN protein induced higher antibody titers as compared to the recombinant NusA-HN protein. These antibodies were able to react in immunoblot analysis with the corresponding recombinant proteins as well as with the HN protein of NDV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/immunology*
  18. Characterization of Malaysian velogenic NDV strain AF2240-I genomic sequence: a comparative study
    Murulitharan K, Yusoff K, Omar AR, Molouki A
    Virus Genes, 2013 Jun;46(3):431-40.
    PMID: 23306943 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0874-y
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240 is a viscerotropic velogenic strain that is used as a vaccine challenge virus in Malaysia. The identification of the full length genome will be a crucial platform for further studies of this isolate. In this study, we fully sequenced the genome of a derivative of this strain named AF2240-I. The 15,192 nt long genome contains a 55-nt leader sequence at the 3' whereas the trailer region consists of 114 nt at the 5'. The intergenic sequences between the NP-P, P-M, M-F, F-HN, and HN-L genes comprise 1, 1, 1, 31, and 47 nt, respectively. The acknowledged cleavage site of fusion protein showed amino acid sequence of 112-R-R-Q-K-R-F-117, which corresponds to those of virulent NDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole virus genome shows that the strain AF2240-I belongs to genotype VIII and is more closely related to velogenic strains QH1, QH4, Fontana, Largo, and Italienas compared to other strains of NDV. Differences are noticed in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and matrix (M) gene between AF2240 and its derivative AF2240-I. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of an NDV strain isolated in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics*; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification
  19. Fulltext Evaluation of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Human IL12 against Human Breast Cancer
    Mohamed Amin Z, Che Ani MA, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB, Syed Najmuddin SUF, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 Sep 30;9(1):13999.
    PMID: 31570732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50222-z
    The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240 is an avian avulavirus that has been demonstrated to possess oncolytic activity against cancer cells. However, to illicit a greater anti-cancer immune response, it is believed that the incorporation of immunostimulatory genes such as IL12 into a recombinant NDV backbone will enhance its oncolytic effect. In this study, a newly developed recombinant NDV that expresses IL12 (rAF-IL12) was tested for its safety, stability and cytotoxicity. The stability of rAF-IL12 was maintained when passaged in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs from passage 1 to passage 10; with an HA titer of 29. Based on the results obtained from the MTT cytotoxic assay, rAF-IL12 was determined to be safe as it only induced cytotoxic effects against normal chicken cell lines and human breast cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Significant tumor growth inhibition (52%) was observed in the rAF-IL12-treated mice. The in vivo safety profile of rAF-IL12 was confirmed through histological observation and viral load titer assay. The concentration and presence of the expressed IL12 was quantified and verified via ELISA assay. In summary, rAF-IL12 was proven to be safe, selectively replicating in chicken and cancer cells and was able to maintain its stability throughout several passages; thus enhancing its potential as an anti-breast cancer vaccine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics*; Newcastle disease virus/metabolism
  20. Performance of an RT-nested PCR ELISA for detection of Newcastle disease virus
    Kho CL, Mohd-Azmi ML, Arshad SS, Yusoff K
    J Virol Methods, 2000 Apr;86(1):71-83.
    PMID: 10713378
    A sensitive and specific RT-nested PCR coupled with an ELISA detection system for detecting Newcastle disease virus is described. Two nested pairs of primer which were highly specific to all the three different pathotypes of NDV were designed from the consensus fusion gene sequence. No cross-reactions with other avian infectious agents such as infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, influenza virus, and fowl pox virus were observed. Based on agarose electrophoresis detection, the RT-nested PCR was about 100 times more sensitive compared to that of a non-nested RT-PCR. To facilitate the detection of the PCR product, an ELISA detection method was then developed to detect the amplified PCR products and it was shown to be ten times more sensitive than gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of the nested PCR-ELISA was also compared with the conventional NDV detection method (HA test) and non-nested RT-PCR by testing against a total of 35 tissue specimens collected from ND-symptomatic chickens. The RT-nested PCR ELISA found NDV positive in 21 (60%) tissue specimens, while only eight (22.9%) and two (5.7%) out of 35 tissue specimens were tested NDV positive by both the non-nested RT-PCR and conventional HA test, respectively. Due to its high sensitivity for the detection of NDV from tissue specimens, this PCR-ELISA based diagnostic test may be useful for screening large number of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification*
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