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A comparison of interalar width and intercanine distance in Malay males and females

Dharap AS, Tanuseputro H

Anthropol Anz, 1997 Mar;55(1):63-8.

The interalar width of the nose and the intercanine distance were measured in 266 Malay subjects (111 males and 155 females) randomly selected from the students of the School of Medical Sciences. University Sains Malaysia in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. The mean interalar width of the nose in male subjects was 39.8 +/- 2.3 mm (range 34-45 mm) and in female subjects 36.2 mm +/- 2.2 mm (range 30-41 mm). There is a statistically significant difference (t = 12.9: p < 0.05) in the nasal width between male and female Malay subjects. This agrees with the findings of other similar studies that males have wider noses than females. The mean maxillary intercanine distance in male subjects was 36.7 = 2.6 mm (range 30-42 mm) and in female subjects 36.2 = 2.3 mm (range 30-42 mm). The anterior maxillary arch is significantly wider in Malay subjects compared to Chinese from Singapore (Keng 1986) as p < 0.05 and to Caucasians (Sawiris 1977) as p < 0.05. There is a significant correlation (r = 0.312; p < 0.05) between the nasal width and the intercanine distance in female subjects but not in male subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Fulltext Large male proboscis monkeys have larger noses but smaller canines

Matsuda I, Stark DJ, Saldivar DAR, Tuuga A, Nathan SKSS, Goossens B, et al.

Commun Biol, 2020 09 21;3(1):522.

PMID: 32958853 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01245-0

The uniquely enlarged noses of male proboscis monkeys are prominent adornments, and a sexually selected male trait. A recent study showed significant correlations among nose, body, and testis sizes and clear associations between nose size and the number of females in a male's harem. However, to date, the analyses of other common male traits, i.e., canines, are lacking. Whereas male nose size had a positive correlation with body size, we unexpectedly found a negative correlation between body and canine sizes. We explain this by an interaction between sexual and natural selection. Larger noses in males may interfere with the use of canines, thereby reducing their effectiveness as weapons. Additionally, longer canines are opposed by natural selection because the larger gape it imposes upon its bearer reduces foraging efficiency, particularly in folivores. This unique case of decoupling of body and canine size reveals that large canines carry an ecological cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Effects of non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion on nasal structures and breathing: A systematic review

Alyessary AS, Othman SA, Yap AUJ, Radzi Z, Rahman MT

Int Orthod, 2019 03;17(1):12-19.

PMID: 30732977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.01.001

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to determine the effects of non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on breathing and upper airway structures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the scientific literature from January 2005 to June 2016 was done using Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source and PubMed databases. A combination of search terms "rapid maxillary expansion", "nasal", "airway" and "breathing" were used. Studies that involved surgical or combined RME-surgical treatments and patients with craniofacial anomalies were excluded.

RESULTS: The initial screening yielded a total of 183 articles. After evaluation of the titles, abstracts and accessing the full text, a total of 20 articles fulfilled both inclusion/exclusion criteria and possessed adequate evidence to be incorporated into this review.

CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical RME was found to improve breathing, increase nasal cavity geometry and decrease nasal airway resistance in children and adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Fulltext Nasalization by Nasalis larvatus: Larger noses audiovisually advertise conspecifics in proboscis monkeys

Koda H, Murai T, Tuuga A, Goossens B, Nathan SKSS, Stark DJ, et al.

Sci Adv, 2018 02;4(2):eaaq0250.

PMID: 29507881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0250

Male proboscis monkeys have uniquely enlarged noses that are prominent adornments, which may have evolved through their sexually competitive harem group social system. Nevertheless, the ecological roles of the signals encoded by enlarged noses remain unclear. We found significant correlations among nose, body, and testis sizes and a clear link between nose size and number of harem females. Therefore, there is evidence supporting both male-male competition and female choice as causal factors in the evolution of enlarged male noses. We also observed that nasal enlargement systematically modifies the resonance properties of male vocalizations, which probably encode male quality. Our results indicate that the audiovisual contributions of enlarged male noses serve as advertisements to females in their mate selection. This is the first primate research to evaluate the evolutionary processes involved in linking morphology, acoustics, and socioecology with unique masculine characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Stereophotogrammetric analysis of nasolabial morphology among Asian Malays: influence of age and sex

Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Anderson PJ, Townsend GC

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2012 Jul;49(4):463-71.

PMID: 22236217 DOI: 10.1597/11-151

It is clear that population-specific norms should be used when planning plastic and reconstructive surgery for selected patients. In this study, we aimed to generate nasal and labial reference values by applying a stereophotogrammetric technique. A further aim was to investigate the effect of sexual dimorphism, age-related changes, and the interrelation between nasal and labial morphology.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Fulltext Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays

Ngeow WC, Aljunid ST

Singapore Med J, 2009 May;50(5):525-8.

PMID: 19495526

INTRODUCTION: This study was undertaken to establish the craniofacial anthropometric norms of young adult Malaysian Malays.
METHODS: The study group consisted of convenient samples of 100 healthy volunteers (aged 18-25 years), with an equal number of female and male subjects who had no history of mixed racial parentage. 22 linear measurements were taken twice from 22 landmarks over six craniofacial regions.
RESULTS: The Malays shared many similar sizes of measurements with the Singaporean Chinese. Their left eye fissure length and mouth width (ch-ch) were almost identical for both genders. However, Malay females had an upper lip height (sn-sto) (left) and ear width (pra-pa) similar to Singaporean Chinese females. Six other measurements, viz. the head width (eu-eu), head circumference (on-op), face height (n-gn), lower face height (sn-gn), (left) eye fissure height (ps-pi), cutaneous upper lip height (sn-ls) and cutaneous upper lip height (ls-sto), were 0.4-4.3 mm less in the Malays. Measurements for another four parameters, viz. the length of the head (g-op), biocular width (ex-ex), lower vermillion height (sto-li) and (left) ear length (sa-sba), were 0.5-3.6 mm higher in the Malays. Only three measurements were obviously different; the height of the head (v-n) and intercanthal width (en-en), were lower, and the protrusion of the nasal tip (sn-prn) was higher in the Malays.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that three features, i.e. the height of the head (v-n), intercanthal width (en-en) and protrusion of the nasal tip (sn-prn) may be useful in differentiating a Malay face from a Singaporean Chinese one.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology

Fulltext Effects of temperature changes on nasal patency

Yogeetha R, Raman R, Quek KF

Singapore Med J, 2007 Apr;48(4):304-6.

PMID: 17384876

This study aims to assess the difference in nasal patency and resistance to temperature changes objectively and subjectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology*

Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on facial images captured on a 3D camera

Othman SA, Ahmad R, Mericant AF, Jamaludin M

Aust Orthod J, 2013 May;29(1):58-65.

PMID: 23785939

Fast and non-invasive systems of the three-dimensional (3D) technology are a recent trend in orthodontics. The reproducibility of facial landmarks is important so that 3D facial measurements are accurate and may-be applied clinically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks using a non-invasive stereo-photogrammetry 3D camera.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/anatomy & histology

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