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Effects of medicated and non-medicated multi-nutrient block supplementation on gastrointestinal parasite infestation and blood hematological parameters of lactating saanen goats

Mira Panadi, Nor Dini Rusli, Khairiyah Mat, Wan Zahari Mohamed

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1447-1453.

In a 90-day feeding trial, twenty four (24) Saanen lactating does were assigned to four treatment group. The treatments
were feeding: basal diet only as a control (T1), basal diet with urea molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) (T2), basal
diet with medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block (MUMB) (T3) and basal diet with commercial mineral block (CMB)
(T4). There were significant differences (p<0.05) between T2, T3 and T4 on the fecal egg count (FEC). Animals in T2
and T3 showed moderate level of parasite infestation i.e. at 750 epg and 950 epg, respectively, while animals in T1 and
T4 showed severe parasite load at 4917 epg and 1850 epg, respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05)
between treatments on WBC, LYM, MON, GRA, RBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, MPV and PCT. However, significant effects (p<0.05)
on HBG, MCHC, RDW and PDW were observed in T2 and T3. This research showed that UMMB and MUMB were effective
in controlling parasite infestation in Saanen lactating dairy goats apart from improving their blood hematological
parameters. Comparison with CMB showed that it is practical to be used for parasite control.

Matched MeSH terms: Parasite Load
Biopsy-based normalizations of gill monogenean-infected European catfish (Silurus glanis L., 1758) stocks for laboratory-based experiments

Bognár A, Borkhanuddin MH, Nagase S, Sellyei B

PeerJ, 2024;12:e18288.
PMID: 39553726 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18288

Ectoparasites cause serious problems during the aquaculture production of food fishes. In this study, we set out to develop and test protocols for maintenance and sampling European catfish (Silurus glanis L., 1758) stocks infected with a gill monogenean, Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak 1932) Lim 1996. When we compared the feasibility of two cohabitation-based parasite culture systems (i.e., static vs. flow-through), we found that the life cycle of T. vistulensis was completed in both habitats. In our experience, static tank systems with regular water exchange allowed better daily quality control of the parasite culture than continuous flow-through systems. We investigated the microhabitat preference of T. vistulensis on the gills of infected European catfish. A balanced distribution on the two lateral gill sets and a decreasing trend in parasite numbers from anterior gill holobranches towards the posterior ones was observed. Using these results, we developed a minimally invasive sampling protocol to estimate the parasite load of individuals. The biopsy aimed at four sectors (#6, #7, #10, and #11) situated within the distal and middle zones of the first holobranch on the left side, encompassing both rows of filaments. Biopsy-based estimates of parasite loads were validated by comparing them to full parasite counts of the same individuals and showed statistically significant correlations. Our biopsy-based method is designed to identify experimental animals with similar parasite loads and create groups of hosts with comparable burdens. This setup is expected to generate reduced between-group differences for expensive experiments (e.g., high throughput transcriptomic or epigenetic studies). We propose that the biopsy-based pre-sorting procedure should be considered in similar experiments with other cultured fish species and their gill monogeneans following a thorough fine-tuning of the experimental conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Parasite Load
Fulltext Sensitivity and specificity of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT CareStatTM) compared with microscopy amongst under five children attending a primary care clinic in southern Nigeria

Ogunfowokan O, Ogunfowokan BA, Nwajei AI

Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med, 2020 Jun 17;12(1):e1-e8.
PMID: 32634015 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2212

BACKGROUND: Malaria diagnosis using microscopy is currently the gold standard. However, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) were developed to simplify the diagnosis in regions without access to functional microscopy.
AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of mRDT CareStatTM with microscopy.
SETTING: This study was conducted in the paediatric primary care clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study for diagnostic accuracy was conducted from May 2016 to October 2016. Ninety-eight participants were involved to obtain a precision of 5%, sensitivity of mRDT CareStatTM of 95% from published work and 95% level of confidence after adjusting for 20% non-response rate or missing data. Consecutive participants were tested using both microscopy and mRDT. The results were analysed using EPI Info Version 7.
RESULTS: A total of 98 children aged 3-59 months were enrolled. Malaria prevalence was found to be 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 46% - 60%), whilst sensitivity and specificity were 29% (95% CI = 20% - 38%) and 89% (95% CI = 83% - 95%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 75% (95% CI = 66.4% - 83.6%) and 53% (95% CI = 46% - 60%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Agreement between malaria parasitaemia using microscopy and mRDT positivity increased with increase in the parasite density. The mRDT might be negative when malaria parasite density using microscopy is low.

Matched MeSH terms: Parasite Load/methods*
A case of severe Plasmodium knowlesi in a splenectomized patient

Boo YL, Lim HT, Chin PW, Lim SY, Hoo FK

Parasitol Int, 2016 Feb;65(1):55-57.
PMID: 26454133 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.003

Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malaria, is now considered the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. With its 24-hour erythrocytic stage of development, it has raised concern regarding its high potential in replicating and leading to severe illness. Spleen is an important site for removal of parasitized red blood cells and generating immunity. We reported a case of knowlesi malaria in a non-immune, splenectomized patient. We observed the delay in parasite clearance, high parasitic counts, and severe illness at presentation. A thorough search through literature revealed several case reports on falciparum and vivax malaria in splenectomized patients. However, literature available for knowlesi malaria in splenectomized patient is limited. Further studies need to be carried out to clarify the role of spleen in host defense against human malaria especially P. knowlesi.

Matched MeSH terms: Parasite Load
Fulltext Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance monitoring in Sabah, Malaysia: in vivo therapeutic efficacy and kelch13 molecular marker surveillance

Grigg MJ, William T, Piera KA, Rajahram GS, Jelip J, Aziz A, et al.

Malar J, 2018 Dec 10;17(1):463.
PMID: 30526613 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2593-x

BACKGROUND: Spreading Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin drug resistance threatens global malaria public health gains. Limited data exist to define the extent of P. falciparum artemisinin resistance southeast of the Greater Mekong region in Malaysia.
METHODS: A clinical efficacy study of oral artesunate (total target dose 12 mg/kg) daily for 3 days was conducted in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and a parasite count

Matched MeSH terms: Parasite Load