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The effect of house spraying with dieldrin on the incidence of the head-louse, Pediculus humanus capitis

WHARTON RH, BIN OMAR AH

Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):237-8.
PMID: 13666191
Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus*
Prevalence of scabies and head lice among students of secondary boarding schools in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Yap FB, Elena EM, Pubalan M

Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2010 Jul;29(7):682-3.
PMID: 20574407 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181df61dd
Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus*
Genetic Diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Molecular Detection of Its Potential Associated Pathogens

Mokhtar AS, Ling Lau Y, Wilson JJ, Abdul-Aziz NM

J Med Entomol, 2020 05 04;57(3):915-926.
PMID: 31828310 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz234

Pediculosis capitis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is endemic all over the world, and children are mostly affected, particularly those living in overcrowded institutions. Several studies have shown that P. h. capitis carried human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential role of head lice in the transmission of pathogens to humans. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from welfare homes sheltering underprivileged children by using DNA barcoding and demonstrated the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus in head lice, which have never been investigated before in Malaysia. Cox1 DNA barcoding identified the head lice, P. h. capitis collected from welfare homes across two geographical areas of Peninsular Malaysia as belonging to clades A, B, and D. Acinetobacter bacteria: Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis were detected in head lice belonging to clades A and also D. In addition, DNA from S. marcescens and S. aureus were also detected in both clades A and D. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity of head lice in Malaysia through DNA barcoding, as well as the first to provide molecular evidence on the type of bacteria occurring in head lice in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the DNA barcoding technique used in this study will be able to provide rapid and accurate identification of arthropods, in particular, medically important ectoparasites.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus/genetics*; Pediculus/microbiology*
Bacterial profiling of head lice isolated from the Orang Asli: A first report in Malaysia

Abd Majid MA, Khoo JJ, Lim FS, Khor CS, Loong SK, Low VL, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):884-895.
PMID: 33612742 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.884

This study was carried out to determine from bacterial profiling to the bacterial profiles of head lice among the Orang Asli communities. The head lice were collected from Orang Asli community volunteers. The surface sterilized head lice pools were subjected to genomic DNA extraction while next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Six female and three male head lice identified as Pediculus humanus capitis were collected. A total of 111 368 number of NGS sequencing reads were recorded while another 223 bacterial taxa sequences were obtained. Symbiotic bacteria showed the highest number of reads, with Arsenophonus and Rhodococcus sequences being the most abundant genera in the female and male samples, respectively. The female head lice contained a more distinct microbial diversity. Amongst the pathogenic bacterial species sequences noted were the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The 16S rRNA genome sequencing revealed a number of rare and pathogenic bacterial species within the head lice of the Orang Asli. The socio-economic practices of the community which involved forest foraging and hunting, and their poor living conditions potentially facilitated the transmission of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including those found within the head lice. Hence, there is the possibility that the head lice could serve as vectors for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. This study highlighted the diverse microbial community found within the head lice's gut of the Orang Asli, with the detection of multiple rare and pathogenic bacteria capable of causing severe infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus/microbiology*
Resistance of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis de Geer) to DDT in Malaysia

Sinniah B, Sinniah D

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1982;76(1):72-4.
PMID: 7080159

A survey of 308,101 schoolchildren conducted in 10 of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia revealed that 10.7% have Pediculus humanus capitis infestation. The results of treatment with 1%, 2% and 5% DDT in coconut oil in 374 cases reveal cure rates of 3.5%, 15.8% and 51.3%, respectively, suggesting that the head louse has probably developed resistance to this insecticide in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus
Differential permethrin susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States and Borneo

Pollack RJ, Kiszewski A, Armstrong P, Hahn C, Wolfe N, Rahman HA, et al.

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1999 Sep;153(9):969-73.
PMID: 10482215 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.153.9.969

BACKGROUND: Pediculiasis is treated aggressively in the United States, mainly with permethrin- and pyrethrin-containing pediculicides. Increasingly frequent anecdotal reports of treatment failure suggest the emergence of insecticidal resistance by these lice.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm or refute the susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States to permethrin.

DESIGN: Survey. Head lice were removed from children residing where pediculicides are readily available and where such products are essentially unknown. Their survival was compared following exposure to residues of graded doses of permethrin in an in vitro bioassay.

SETTING: School children from Massachusetts, Idaho, and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo).

SUBJECTS: In the United States, 75 children aged 5 to 8 years. In Sabah, 59 boys aged 6 to 13 years. Virtually all sampled US children had previously been treated with pediculicides containing pyrethrins or permethrin; none of the Sabahan children were so exposed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival of head lice exposed to permethrin.

RESULTS: Permethrin did not affect head lice sampled from chronically infested US children who had previously been treated for pediculiasis. The slope of the dose-response regression line for these lice did not differ significantly from zero (P = .66). This pediculicide immobilized lice sampled in Sabah. Mortality correlated closely with permethrin concentration (P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS: Head lice in the United States are less susceptible to permethrin than are those in Sabah. The pyrethroid susceptibility of the general population of head lice in the United States, however, remains poorly defined. Accordingly, these relatively safe over-the-counter preparations may remain the pediculicides of choice for newly recognized louse infestations.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus/drug effects*
Comparative study of DDT, carbaryl (Sevin) and Actellic (pirimiphos-methyl) in the treatment of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation

Sinniah B, Sinniah D

Public Health, 1983 Jan;97(1):3-7.
PMID: 6405446
Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus/drug effects
Prevalence and predictors of pediculosis capitis among primary school children in Hulu Langat, Selangor

Lye MS, Tohit NF, Rampal L

Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):12-17.
PMID: 28255134 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Pediculosis capitis infestation is endemic in both developing and developed countries leading to various physical, economical and psychological consequences. Our main objective was to determine the prevalence and predictors of pediculosis capitis among primary school children in Hulu Langat District, Malaysia.
METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling method was carried out in Hulu Langat District, Malaysia. Self-administered pretested questionnaires were used to collect the data. Hair and scalp examination was also carried out. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding and determine the predictors.
RESULTS: The overall mean age of the 1,336 respondents was 9.3 years. Majority were males (52.8%), Malays (79.5%) and 81.3% of the fathers had secondary or tertiary education as compared to 77.3% for the mothers. The overall prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 15.3%. The prevalence of pediculosis was significantly higher among females (28.4%) than males (3.7%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 10 years or more (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.673 to 3.272), female gender (OR = 10.26, 95% CI = 6.620 to 15.903), history of contact with an infested person (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.506 to 2.960), Indian compared to Chinese (OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.282 to 9.860), Malay to Chinese (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = .994 to 6.774) were associated with pediculosis capitis.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis among children aged 7 - 12 years in Hulu Langat District was high. There is a need for screening and treatment of pediculosis capitis in primary schools.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediculus