This study aimed to validate the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the Malaysian urological population. Reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Responsiveness was expressed as the effect size. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha value = 0.56 to 0.87). Test-retest correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were significant (ICC = 0.56 to 0.87) and a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The BDI is thus a reliable and a valid instrument to be used in Malaysia.
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual dysfunction among the general population. PE has often been associated with a psychological state of mind. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) can be used as an instrument to assess the emotional and psychological state. The present study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the HADS in a Malaysian population. The validity and reliability were studied in subjects with and without PE. Test-retest methodology was used to assess the reliability whereas Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency. In the control and the PE groups, the internal consistency was good and a high degree of internal consistency was observed for all 14 items. In the control group, the Cronbach's alpha values at baseline were from 0.811 to 0.834, whereas for retest, the Cronbach's alpha values were from 0.821-0.838 items. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high for the control (0.797-0.868: baseline and 0.805-0.872: retest) and PE group (0.822-0.906: baseline and 0.785-0.887: retest). The high value of ICC and the internal consistency was due to high reliability and consistency of the items at 2-week interval. A degree of significance between the baseline and week-2 scores was observed across all items in the PE group but not in the control group. The HADS is a suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive instrument to measure the clinical change for anxiety and depression in the Malaysian population.
The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) is a widely recognized tool for assessing personality traits across five domains and fifteen facets. However, its psychometric properties in non-Western cultures like Bangladesh remain unexplored. This study aimed to validate the Bangla BFI-2 (BFI-2-B) within a Bangladeshi community sample to provide a culturally adapted personality assessment tool. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,095 participants, where 646 participants (59%; 358 female; Agemean = 24.25 years, SD = 4.47) passed all attention checks. Participants responded to a demographic questionnaire, Bangla Big Five-2 (BFI-2-B), and Bangla NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI). The domain-level structural validity was analyzed using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). A series of five different latent models were tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for facet-level structural validity. Full Measurement invariance across gender, education level, and language were tested. The item quality was assessed using Item Response Theory analysis (IRT). Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by correlating the BFI-2-B domains with the NEO-FFI. The BFI-2-B demonstrated high internal consistency across domains (> 0.70) and facets (> 0.60; except energy level, intellectual curiosity, and respectfulness). ESEM confirmed structural validity at the domain level (CFI & TLI = 0.96). CFA analysis revealed that at the facet level, a three-facet structure with an acquiescence factor yielded the most acceptable fit (CFI& TLI ≥ 0.95; RMSEA ≤ 0.06; SRMR ≤ 0.08). Full measurement invariance was established across gender and educational levels, but only weak invariance was found across languages, indicating linguistic challenges. The similar domains of BFI-2-B and NEO-FFI had strong correlations (r ≥ 0.59), and distinct domains exhibited low correlations, indicating strong convergent and discriminant validity. IRT analysis showed that most items had high to moderate discrimination. The BFI-2-B is a reliable and valid tool for assessing personality in the Bangladeshi context, with robust psychometric properties across domains and most facets. Addressing linguistic nuances and testing in more diverse samples can further enhance its cross-cultural applicability.The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 24/09/24. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7DTQG.