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  1. Fulltext Normative data for hand grip strength and key pinch strength, stratified by age and gender for a multiethnic Asian population
    Lam NW, Goh HT, Kamaruzzaman SB, Chin AV, Poi PJ, Tan MP
    Singapore Med J, 2016 Oct;57(10):578-584.
    PMID: 26768064 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015164
    INTRODUCTION: Hand strength is a good indicator of physical fitness and frailty among the elderly. However, there are no published hand strength references for Malaysians aged > 65 years. This study aimed to establish normative data for hand grip strength (HGS) and key pinch strength (KPS) for Malaysians aged ≥ 60 years, and explore the relationship between hand strength and physical ability.

    METHODS: Healthy participants aged ≥ 60 years with no neurological conditions were recruited from rural and urban locations in Malaysia. HGS and KPS were measured using hand grip and key pinch dynamometers. Basic demographic data, anthropometric measures, modified Barthel Index scores and results of the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) were recorded.

    RESULTS: 362 subjects aged 60-93 years were recruited. The men were significantly stronger than the women in both HGS and KPS (p < 0.001). The hand strength of the study cohort was lower than that of elderly Western populations. Significant correlations were observed between hand strength, and residential area (p < 0.001), FRT (r = 0.236, p = 0.028), TUG (r = -0.227, p = 0.009) and JTHFT (r = -0.927, p < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: This study established reference ranges for the HGS and KPS of rural and urban elderly Malaysian subpopulations. These will aid the use of hand strength as a screening tool for frailty among elderly persons in Malaysia. Future studies are required to determine the modifiable factors for poor hand strength.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pinch Strength*
  2. The Linburg-Comstock anomaly: incidence in Malaysians and effect on pinch strength
    Low TH, Faruk Senan NA, Ahmad TS
    J Hand Surg Am, 2012 May;37(5):930-2.
    PMID: 22386556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.01.020
    To obtain epidemiologic data on the Linburg-Comstock anomaly in Malaysia and to study the effect of the anomaly on key pinch strength.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pinch Strength*
  3. Fulltext A biomechanical study of grip and pinch strength among Malaysian elderly population
    Zahari Taha, Ruhaizin Sulaiman
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(2):293-305.
    MyJurnal
    The physical strength of the elderly aged above 60 years is typically 10 to 30% less than the young adult population of ages between 25 to 35 years. This reduction of strength has a strong impact on the activity of the daily living (ADL) of the elderly population. There has been little research done studying on the physical strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the static strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. In particular, the grip and pinch strength were investigated as these two static strengths are extensively used in their instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). The results were then compared to the strength of the university students. A total of 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) participated in the study. Their age ranged between 60 to 83 years, with the mean of age of 67.1 years. The comparison group comprised a total of 30 university students (20 male, 10 female) aged between 23 to 24 years, with the mean of age of 23.2 years. Grip and pinch strengths of both groups were measured and analysed using a descriptive statistics. It was found that the elderly male subjects are stronger in both strength measurements than their female counterpart. The 95th percentile of the female grip strength was slightly lower than that of the male while the male pinch strength was 31.07% higher. It was also found that the male students had higher strengths compared to the females. The grip strength of the elderly was 30.66% lower than the university student, while their pinch strength was 13.42% lower. Both static strengths of the elderly were found to be lower than those of the university students. This supported the research hypotheses postulating that the static strength had a negative correlation with age. In terms of gender differences, the male subjects were found to be stronger than the females.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pinch Strength
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