Displaying all 12 publications

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  1. Wilson F
    Ind Med Gaz, 1927 Jun;62(6):355-356.
    PMID: 29010578
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema*
  2. Khajotia R, Somaweera N
    Aust Fam Physician, 2013 Aug;42(8):560-2.
    PMID: 23971064
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology; Pulmonary Emphysema/radiography*
  3. Saim L, Mohamad AS, Ambu VK
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1994 Jan;28(2-3):241-6.
    PMID: 8157425
    Congenital lobar emphysema has been described under various designations. Although the etiology is not clear, some form of bronchial obstruction has been documented in about 50% of the patients. A rare case of congenital lobar emphysema with a membranous septum in the left main bronchus is described. Although prompt lobectomy has been the treatment of choice in most cases, this case demonstrates the importance of early bronchoscopy to exclude treatable intra luminal abnormalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/congenital*; Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology
  4. Sachithanandan A, Badmanaban B
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):253-8.
    PMID: 23082412 MyJurnal
    Emphysema is a progressive unrelenting component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a major source of mortality and morbidity globally. The prevalence of moderate to severe emphysema is approximately 5% in Malaysia and likely to increase in the future. Hence advanced emphysema will emerge as a leading cause of hospital admission and a major consumer of healthcare resources in this country in the future. Patients with advanced disease have a poor quality of life and reduced survival. Medical therapy has been largely ineffective for many patients however certain subgroups have disease amenable to surgical palliation. Effective surgical therapies include lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplantation and bullectomy. This article is a comprehensive evidence based review of the literature evaluating the rationale, efficacy, safety and limitations of surgery for advanced emphysema highlighting the importance of meticulous patient selection and local factors relevant to Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery*
  5. MOSTYN EM
    Med J Malaya, 1958 Mar;12(3):546-9.
    PMID: 13565026
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema*
  6. Rohana J, Lau DS, Hasniah AL, Faizah MZ, Boo NY, Shareena I
    PMID: 22581791 DOI: 10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301672
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology*; Pulmonary Emphysema/radiography
  7. Darnal HK, Ibrahim H, Mutum SS
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Jun;22(1):31-5.
    PMID: 16329535
    An eight-week-old infant presented with dyspnoea two months after an uneventful normal vaginal delivery. Radiologically, a sharply outlined radiolucent area surrounded by atelectasis was seen in the upper lobe of the left lung. A left upper lobectomy was performed with the clinical impression of congenital pulmonary emphysema. The resected specimen displayed multiple cysts 2 to 6 mm in diameter. Microscopically, intracystic papillary mesenchymal ingrowths lined by respiratory epithelium were present. Based on both the gross and microscopical features, a diagnosis of Fisher's variant of type II congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) was made. The postoperative follow-up showed excellent recovery and normal development of the child.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/congenital; Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis
  8. Loh LC, Ong CK, Koo HJ, Lee SM, Lee JS, Oh YM, et al.
    PMID: 30174423 DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S165898
    Background: COPD-associated mortality was examined using a novel approach of phenotyping COPD based on computed tomography (CT)-emphysema index from quantitative CT (QCT) and post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in a local Malaysian cohort.

    Patients and methods: Prospectively collected data of 112 eligible COPD subjects (mean age, 67 years; male, 93%; mean post-BD FEV1, 45.7%) was available for mortality analysis. Median follow-up time was 1,000 days (range, 60-1,400). QCT and clinicodemographic data were collected at study entry. Based on CT-emphysema index and post-BD FEV1% predicted, subjects were categorized into "emphysema-dominant," "airway-dominant," "mild mixed airway-emphysema," and "severe mixed airway-emphysema" diseases.

    Results: Sixteen patients (14.2%) died of COPD-associated causes. There were 29 (25.9%) "mild mixed," 23 (20.5%) "airway-dominant," 15 (13.4%) "emphysema-dominant," and 45 (40.2%) "severe mixed" cases. "Mild mixed" disease was proportionately more in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Group A, while "severe mixed" disease was proportionately more in GOLD Groups B and D. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed increased mortality risk with "severe mixed" disease (log rank test, p=0.03) but not with GOLD groups (p=0.08). Univariate Cox proportionate hazard analysis showed that age, body mass index, long-term oxygen therapy, FEV1, forced volume capacity, COPD Assessment Test score, modified Medical Research Council score, St Georges' Respiratory Questionnaire score, CT-emphysema index, and "severe mixed" disease (vs "mild mixed" disease) were associated with mortality. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, body mass index, and COPD Assessment Test score remain independently associated with mortality.

    Conclusion: "Severe mixed airway-emphysema" disease may predict COPD-associated mortality. Age, body mass index, and COPD Assessment Test score remain as key mortality risk factors in our cohort.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/complications; Pulmonary Emphysema/mortality; Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology
  9. Chai CS, Liam CK, Pang YK, Ng DL, Tan SB, Wong TS, et al.
    Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2019 03 01;14:565-573.
    PMID: 30880946 DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S196109
    Introduction: The Spanish COPD guideline (GesEPOC) classifies COPD into four clinical phenotypes based on the exacerbation frequency and dominant clinical manifestations. In this study, we compared the disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with different clinical phenotypes.

    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with COPD attending the respiratory medicine clinic of University of Malaya Medical Centre from 1 June 2017 to 31 May 2018. Disease-specific HRQoL was assessed by using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-c).

    Results: Of 189 patients, 28.6% were of non-exacerbator phenotype (NON-AE), 18.5% were of exacerbator with emphysema phenotype (AE NON-CB), 39.7% were of exacerbator with chronic bronchitis phenotype (AE CB), and 13.2% had asthma-COPD overlap syndrome phenotype (ACOS). The total CAT and SGRQ-c scores were significantly different between the clinical phenotypes (P<0.001). Patients who were AE CB had significantly higher total CAT score than those with ACOS (P=0.033), AE NON-CB (P=0.001), and NON-AE (P<0.001). Concerning SGRQ-c, patients who were AE CB also had a significantly higher total score than those with AE NON-CB (P=0.001) and NON-AE (P<0.001). However, the total SGRQ-c score of AE CB patients was only marginally higher than those who had ACOS (P=0.187). There was a significant difference in the score of each CAT item (except CAT 7) and SGRQ-c components between clinical phenotypes, with AE CB patients recording the highest score in each of them.

    Conclusion: Patients who were AE CB had significantly poorer HRQoL than other clinical phenotypes and recorded the worst score in each of the CAT items and SGRQ-c components. Therefore, AE CB patients may warrant a different treatment approach that focuses on the exacerbation and chronic bronchitis components.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis*; Pulmonary Emphysema/parasitology; Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology; Pulmonary Emphysema/therapy
  10. Muhamad NI, Mohd Nawi SN, Yusoff BM, Ab Halim NA, Mohammad N, Wan Ghazali WS
    Respir Med Case Rep, 2020;31:101276.
    PMID: 33209576 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101276
    Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS) is a rare condition characterized by giant emphysematous bullae. It is frequently misdiagnosed as pneumothorax. We describe a case of a 30-year-old male who presented with shortness of breath, reduced effort tolerance, and pleuritic chest pain for three months. He was initially diagnosed with bilateral pneumothorax based on clinical examination and chest radiograph findings. However, further imaging with a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax confirmed bilateral giant emphysematous bullae. Our patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and bullectomy. In this report, we discuss the clinical presentations, radiological features, and the management of VLS. We also highlight the differentiating features of VLS from a pneumothorax.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema
  11. Lan YW, Yang JC, Yen CC, Huang TT, Chen YC, Chen HL, et al.
    Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019 06 13;10(1):163.
    PMID: 31196196 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1282-1
    INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary emphysema is a major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema progression attributed not only to alveolar structure loss and pulmonary regeneration impairment, but also to excessive inflammatory response, proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity imbalance, lung epithelial cells apoptosis, and abnormal lung remodeling. To ameliorate lung damage with higher efficiency in lung tissue engineering and cell therapy, pre-differentiating graft cells into more restricted cell types before transplantation could enhance their ability to anatomically and functionally integrate into damaged lung. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regenerative and repair ability of lung alveolar epithelium in emphysema model by using lung epithelial progenitors which pre-differentiated from amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs).

    METHODS: Pre-differentiation of eGFP-expressing AFMSCs to lung epithelial progenitor-like cells (LEPLCs) was established under a modified small airway growth media (mSAGM) for 7-day induction. Pre-differentiated AFMSCs were intratracheally injected into porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema mice at day 14, and then inflammatory-, fibrotic-, and emphysema-related indices and pathological changes were assessed at 6 weeks after PPE administration.

    RESULTS: An optimal LEPLCs pre-differentiation condition has been achieved, which resulted in a yield of approximately 20% lung epithelial progenitors-like cells from AFMSCs in a 7-day period. In PPE-induced emphysema mice, transplantation of LEPLCs significantly improved regeneration of lung tissues through integrating into the lung alveolar structure, relieved airway inflammation, increased expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and reduced matrix metalloproteinases and lung remodeling factors when compared with mice injected with AFMSCs. Histopathologic examination observed a significant amelioration in DNA damage in alveolar cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), the mean linear intercept, and the collagen deposition in the LEPLC-transplanted groups.

    CONCLUSION: Transplantation of predifferentiated AFMSCs through intratracheal injection showed better alveolar regeneration and reverse elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in PPE-induced pulmonary emphysema mice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema/chemically induced*; Pulmonary Emphysema/therapy*
  12. Chai CS, Mos SB, Ng DL, Goh GM, Su AT, Ibrahim MAB, et al.
    BMC Pulm Med, 2020 Sep 29;20(1):254.
    PMID: 32993591 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01295-4
    BACKGROUND: The Spanish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guideline phenotypes patients according to the exacerbation frequency and COPD subtypes. In this study, we compared the patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their COPD phenotypes.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of COPD patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Serian Divisional Hospital and Bau District Hospital from 23th January 2018 to 22th January 2019. The HRQoL was assessed using modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-c).

    RESULTS: Of 185 patients, 108 (58.4%) were non-exacerbators (NON-AE), 51 (27.6%) were frequent exacerbators (AE), and the remaining 26 (14.1%) had asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Of AE patients, 42 (82.4%) had chronic bronchitis and only 9 (17.6%) had emphysema. Of the 185 COPD patients, 65.9% had exposure to biomass fuel and 69.1% were ex- or current smokers. The scores of mMRC, CAT, and SGRQ-c were significantly different between COPD phenotypes (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Emphysema
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