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Histological Characteristics on the Testes of Mud Spiny Lobster, Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793)

Nor Fatihah S, Muhd-Farouk H, Amin-Safwan A, Hafiz Mahsol H, Ikhwanuddin M

Pak J Biol Sci, 2017;20(7):365-371.
PMID: 29023069 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.365.371

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mud spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus (P. polyphagus) are one of the most important fisheries resources now-a-days due to quality that it's possessed. However, there is still lack of in-depth study about this species mainly on males testicular characteristics and sexual maturity size. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the histological characteristics on the testes and sexual maturity sizes of mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The testes were dissected out and fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for 11 h, dehydrated in 70% alcohol and lastly placed in tissue processor for 18±1 h at 60°C. The tissues blocks were cut at the thickness of 4 μm on a rotary microtome. Stained tissues were taken under Advance Microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i Nomarski DIC). Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA using SPSS (Version 22).
RESULTS: These lobules of mature P. polyphagus were formed via different germinative lineage cells such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The histological characteristics of testes showed that the process of spermatogenesis went through the stages of four testes maturation which were spermatogonia I and II, spermatocytes I and II, spermatids and spermatozoa stages within different body weight of P. polyphagus. It was found that there were significant difference between body weight and carapace length to the testicular maturation stages (one-way ANOVA and p = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment indicated that males P. polyphagus have four stages of testes maturation and can be considered to have fully mature testes that ready for fertilization at 452 g body weight (BW) and 107 mm carapace length (CL) or more.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia
Sexual selection maintains whole-body chiral dimorphism in snails

Schilthuizen M, Craze PG, Cabanban AS, Davison A, Stone J, Gittenberger E, et al.

J Evol Biol, 2007 Sep;20(5):1941-9.
PMID: 17714311

Although the vast majority of higher animals are fixed for one chiral morph or another, the cause for this directionality is known in only a few cases. In snails, for example, rare individuals of the opposite coil are unable to mate with individuals of normal coil, so directionality is maintained by frequency-dependent selection. The snail subgenus Amphidromus presents an unexplained exception, because dextral (D) and sinistral (S) individuals occur sympatrically in roughly equal proportions (so-called 'antisymmetry') in most species. Here we show that in Amphidromus there is sexual selection for dimorphism, rather than selection for monomorphism. We found that matings between D and S individuals occur more frequently than expected by chance. Anatomical investigations showed that the chirality of the spermatophore and the female reproductive tract probably allow a greater fecundity in such inter-chiral matings. Computer simulation confirms that under these circumstances, sustained dimorphism is the expected outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia/cytology
Fulltext Antibodies against testicular germinal cells in lepromatous leprosy

Wall JR, Wright DJ

Clin Exp Immunol, 1974 May;17(1):51-9.
PMID: 4619358

Testicular germinal cell antibodies were found in forty-four out of the fifty-nine patients with lepromatous leprosy and in four out of ten patients with tuberculoid disease. A similar pattern was found in twelve out of 262 control patients and
normal subjects. The antibody was found to be of the IgG class and forty out of forty-nine of these antibodies were shown to be complement fixing. Spermatozoal antibodies were detected in twelve patients, but no ovarian antibodies were found in any specimen. There was no close correlation between erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and testicular antibodies. It was found that the characteristic of the testicular antibody in leprosy was its ability to be absorbed by Mycobacterium BCG suspension suggesting that this is another antibody induced by infection. A similar fluorescent pattern was seen in some patients who did not have leprosy, but in these cases it could not be abolished with BCG. It is concluded that autoimmunity may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of orchitis in leprosy.
Study site: MRC Leprosy Research Unit, Sungei Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia/immunology
The effects of palm kernel cake based diet on spermatogenesis in Malin x Santa-Ines rams

Yaakub H, Masnindah M, Shanthi G, Sukardi S, Alimon AR

Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2009 Oct;115(1-4):182-8.
PMID: 19167847 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.006

Testes from nine male Malin x Santa-Ines rams with an average body weight of 43.1+/-3.53 kg, were used to study the effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) based diet on spermatogenic cells and to assess copper (Cu) levels in liver, testis and plasma in sheep. Animals were divided into three groups and randomly assigned three dietary treatments using restricted randomization of body weight in completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were 60% palm kernel cake plus 40% oil palm frond (PKC), 60% palm kernel cake plus 40% oil palm frond supplemented with 23 mg/kg dry matter of molybdenum as ammonium molybdate [(NH(4))(6)Mo(7)O(24).4H(2)O] and 600 mg/kg dry matter of sulphate as sodium sulphate [Na(2)SO(4)] (PKC-MS) and 60% concentrate of corn-soybean mix+40% oil palm frond (Control), the concentrate was mixed in a ratio of 79% corn, 20% soybean meal and 1% standard mineral mix. The results obtained showed that the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells were not significantly different among the three treatment groups. However, spermatozoa, Sertoli cells and degenerated cells showed significant changes, which, may be probably due to the Cu content in PKC. Liver and testis Cu levels in the rams under PKC diet was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than rams in Control and PKC-MS diets. Plasma Cu levels showed a significant increase (P<0.05) at the end of the experiment as compared to at the beginning of the experiment for PKC and Control. In conclusion, spermatogenesis is normal in rams fed the diet without PKC and PKC supplemented with Mo and S. However spermatogenesis was altered in the PKC based diet probably due to the toxic effects of Cu and the significant changes in organs and plasma. Thus, Mo and S play a major role in reducing the accumulation of Cu in organs.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia/drug effects; Spermatogonia/physiology
Fulltext Edible Bird's Nest Supplementation Improves Male Reproductive Parameters of Sprague Dawley Rat

Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Hui CK, Zulkefli AF, Ibrahim SF

Front Pharmacol, 2021;12:631402.
PMID: 33986667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631402

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is reported to have a positive in vitro proliferative effect and contain male reproductive hormones. Spermatogonia cells proliferate during spermatogenesis under male reproductive hormones stimulation that include testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Characterization of EBN through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) has found testosterone as a base peak. Six types of amino acids, estradiol and sialic acid were among the major peaks that have been characterized. Based on the presence of these reproductive components, this study evaluated different doses of EBN on sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones of Sprague Dawley rats. Sixteen Sprague Dawley rats at the age of eight weeks were randomly and equally divided into four groups, which are Control, 10 mg/kg BW/d 50 mg/kg BW/d, and 250 mg/kg BW/d EBN group. The rats were fed with EBN enriched pellet daily and water ad-libitum. Rats were sacrificed and the organ was weighed for organ coefficients after eight weeks of treatment. Sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, and sperm viability were evaluated. Meanwhile, ELISA method was used to measure testosterone, FSH, and LH. Findings showed that there were no significant differences in organ coefficient between groups. Supplementation of 250 mg/kg BW/d EBN demonstrated a significant increase in sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility as well as FSH and LH level compared to 10 mg/kg BW/d group. There was a dose-dependent increase in testosterone level but was not significant between groups. Based on these findings, EBN is concluded to have crucial effects on male reproductive parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia
Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development: Improvement in Spermatogonia after Removal of Ovary and Müllerian Structures

Abd Wahab AV, Lim LM, Mohamed Tarmizi MH

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 2019 Feb;32(1):74-77.
PMID: 30248506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.09.006

BACKGROUND: Ovotesticular disorders of sex development is a condition defined as the presence of ovarian tissue containing ovarian follicles and testicular tissue containing seminiferous tubules in the same individual.
CASE: We report on a 19-year-old who is phenotypically male, with a 46,XX/46,XY mosaicism karyotype, who presented later in life with cyclical abdominal pain that resembled menstrual cramps and unilateral undescended testes.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: He underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy, resulting in cessation of his symptoms and improved sperm count.

Matched MeSH terms: Spermatogonia