Vocal cord palsy secondary to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury may be attributable to trauma, infiltrating neoplasm, congenital cardiac anomaly and others. Regardless the causes, majority of unilateral adductor palsy cases are usually managed by speech rehabilitation in order to allow compensation. In selected cases, medialization procedure may be required to achieve a complete glottal closure during phonation. Multiple techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. This case report illustrates the recent advancement in vocal fold medialization procedure, which has not been widely practiced in Malaysia.
This review provides a background, fundamental and advanced application of titania nanoparticles (TiO2) on the disinfection and killing of cancer cell through photocatalytic chemistry. It starts with the characteristic properties focused on the surface, light sensitivity, crystallinity and toxicology of TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Consequently, outline and design of photocatalytic reactor has been figured out based on the target organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and cancer cells. Despite a large number of studies undertaken, limited selectivity and efficacy of TiO2 photocatalyst are still widely accepted problems. An ideal TiO2 photocatalyst should have the combined properties of highly stable reactive oxygen species yield and a greater degree of selectivity towards cancerous cell without damaging the healthy tissues. Hybridization of TiO2 with metal, metal oxide and carbon nano materials significantly improved both of stability and selectivity of TiO2, whilst maintaining its high Photodynamic reactivity.
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the apical sealing ability of cold lateral and system B root filling techniques using dye penetration. Eighty-six extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into two experimental groups to be obturated by cold lateral condensation (n = 33) and system B (n = 33). The remaining 20 teeth served as positive and negative controls. The roots were embedded for 72 h in methylene blue dye solution and sectioned transversely for dye penetration evaluation using stereomicroscope. The results of this study showed that cold lateral condensation leaked significantly more (P < 0.001) than system B technique.