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Fulltext Bridging minds and policies: supporting early career researchers in translating computational psychiatry research

Marzuki AA, Lim TV

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024 May;49(6):903-904.
PMID: 38418567 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01834-1
Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends
Recent advances on T-cell exhaustion in malaria infection

Shankar EM, Vignesh R, Dash AP

Med Microbiol Immunol, 2018 Aug;207(3-4):167-174.
PMID: 29936565 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0547-0

T-cell exhaustion reportedly leads to dysfunctional immune responses of antigen-specific T cells. Investigations have revealed that T cells expand into functionally defective phenotypes with poor recall/memory abilities to parasitic antigens. The exploitation of co-inhibitory pathways represent a highly viable area of translational research that has very well been utilized against certain cancerous conditions. Malaria, at times, evolve into a sustained chronic state where T cells express several co-inhibitory molecules (negative immune checkpoints) facilitating parasite escape and sub-optimal protective responses. Experimental evidence suggests that blockade of co-inhibitory molecules on T cells in malaria could result in the sustenance of protective responses together with dramatic parasite clearance. The role of several co-inhibitory molecules in malaria infection largely remain unclear, and here we discussed the potential applicability of co-inhibitory molecules in the management of malaria with a view to harness protective host responses against chronic disease and associated consequences.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends*
Advances in stem cells technologies and their commercialization potential

Kamarul T

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2013 Jul;6(4):363-5.
PMID: 23927663 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.811804

The World Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Congress Asia 2013 held in Singapore from 19-21 March 2013 was attended by over 2000 industry attendees and 5000 registered visitors. The focus of the congress was to discuss potential uses of stem cells for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, their market opportunity and the latest R&D, which would potentially find its way into the market in not too distant future. In addition to the traditional lectures presented by academic and industry experts, there were forums, discussions, posters and exhibits, which provided various platforms for researchers, potential industry partners and even various interest groups to discuss prospective development of the stem cell-related industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends*
A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research

Yadav V, Krishnan A, Vohora D

J Ethnopharmacol, 2020 Jan 30;247:112255.
PMID: 31568819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112255

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Piper longum, commonly referred as 'Pippali', has found its traditional use in India, Malaysia, Singapore and other South Asian countries as an analgesic, carminative, anti-diarrhoeic, immunostimulant, post childbirth to check postpartum hemorrhage and to treat asthma, insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever, leprosy etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review offers essential data focusing on the traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Piper longum thereby identifying research gaps and future opportunities for investigation on this plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic survey was accomplished as per the PRISMA guidelines. The information was collected from books, and electronic search (PubMed, Science Direct, Lilca and Scielo) during 1967-2019.
RESULTS: Many phytochemicals have been identified till date, including alkaloids as its major secondary metabolites (piperine and piperlongumine), essential oil, flavonoids and steroids. These exhibit a wide range of activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-parkinsonian, anti-stress, nootropic, anti-epileptic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-arthritic, anti-ulcer, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic action, anti-amebic, anti-fungal, mosquito larvicidal and anti-snake venom.
CONCLUSION: Amongst various activities, bioscientific clarification in relation to its ethnopharmacological perspective has been evidenced mainly for anti-amebic, anthelminthic, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activity. However, despite traditional claims, insufficient scientific validation for the treatment of insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever and leprosy, necessitate future investigations in this direction. It is also essential and critical to generate toxicological data and pharmacokinetics on human subjects so as to confirm its conceivable bio-active components in the body.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends
Fulltext Success stories in genomic medicine from resource-limited countries

Mitropoulos K, Al Jaibeji H, Forero DA, Laissue P, Wonkam A, Lopez-Correa C, et al.

Hum Genomics, 2015 Jun 18;9:11.
PMID: 26081768 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0033-3

In recent years, the translation of genomic discoveries into mainstream medical practice and public health has gained momentum, facilitated by the advent of new technologies. However, there are often major discrepancies in the pace of implementation of genomic medicine between developed and developing/resource-limited countries. The main reason does not only lie in the limitation of resources but also in the slow pace of adoption of the new findings and the poor understanding of the potential that this new discipline offers to rationalize medical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present and critically discuss examples from the successful implementation of genomic medicine in resource-limited countries, focusing on pharmacogenomics, genome informatics, and public health genomics, emphasizing in the latter case genomic education, stakeholder analysis, and economics in pharmacogenomics. These examples can be considered as model cases and be readily replicated for the wide implementation of pharmacogenomics and genomic medicine in other resource-limited environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends*
Tocotrienols for bone health: a translational approach

Shen CL, Klein A, Chin KY, Mo H, Tsai P, Yang RS, et al.

Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2017 Aug;1401(1):150-165.
PMID: 28891093 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13449

Osteoporosis, a degenerative bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue resulting in aggravated bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The trend of extended life expectancy is accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of osteoporosis and concomitant complications in the elderly population. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between vitamin E consumption and the prevention of age-related bone loss in elderly women and men. Animal studies show that ingestion of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, may benefit bone health in terms of maintaining higher bone mineral density and improving bone microstructure and quality. The beneficial effects of tocotrienols on bone health appear to be mediated via antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways and/or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A mechanisms. We discuss (1) an overview of the prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis, (2) types of vitamin E (tocopherols versus tocotrienols), (3) findings of tocotrienols and bone health from published in vitro and animal studies, (4) possible mechanisms involved in bone protection, and (5) challenges and future direction for research.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends