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  1. Ridley DS, Rea TH, McAdam KP
    Lepr Rev, 1981 Mar;52(1):65-78.
    PMID: 7242219
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology*
  2. Giam YC, Ong BH, Tan T
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1987 Oct;16(4):658-62.
    PMID: 3446008
    Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) or Type II reaction is an immune complex syndrome seen in multibacillary leprosy. 20 patients with histological confirmation of ENL in leprosy were studied from 1982 to 1986. These patients had a range of clinical signs, from fever, tender dusky nodules, bullae, ulcers to lymphadenopathy, arthralgia and neuritis. The four major histological patterns are: a) classical pattern showing heavy infiltrations of neutrophils in three cases, b) sub-epidermal bulla pattern with marked oedema of the upper dermis, and collections of neutrophils in five cases, c) vasculitis pattern, affecting superficial and mid-dermal vessels, leading to epidermal necrosis, bulla formation and ulceration. Dilated vessels, congestion, lumenal fibrin clots and fibrinoid necrosis of vessels were seen, d) non-specific picture in nine cases with mild oedema, infiltration with neutrophils, and two cases with minimal reaction had chronic ENL with clinical vasculitis. All the five cases with vasculitis showed C1q, C3 and fibrinogen in the vessels. Comparing ENL reactions reported in Asia, our pattern is similar to that of Malaysians with the majority showing sub-epidermal oedema. Vasculitis is more common in India. Oedema with collagen necrosis as seen in acute ENL with iritis in New Guinea. The Lucio's phenomenon was not seen in any of the countries in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology*
  3. Choon SE, Tey KE
    Int J Dermatol, 2009 Sep;48(9):984-8.
    PMID: 19702985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04078.x
    Lucio's phenomenon is a rare and aggressive necrotising variant of erythema nodosum leprosum that classically occur in patients with undiagnosed, diffuse non-nodular lepromatous leprosy. It is a potentially fatal leprosy reaction characterised by extensive, bizarrely-shaped, painful purpuric skin lesions and ulcerations. Lucio's phenomenon is very rarely reported outside of Mexico and Costa Rica.
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology*
  4. Jayalakshmi P, Ganesapillai T, Ganesan J
    Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1995 Mar;63(1):109-11.
    PMID: 7730709
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology*
  5. Jayalakshmi
    Malays J Pathol, 1980 Aug;3:39-45.
    PMID: 7186596
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology
  6. Hobbs HE
    PMID: 4677492
    Matched MeSH terms: Erythema Nodosum/pathology
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