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  1. Lai YY, Thambiah SC, Mohamed Mokhtar N, Samsudin IN
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):109-113.
    PMID: 38682851
    INTRODUCTION: Persistently elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) despite levothyroxine (LT4) treatment that exceeds the standard weight-adjusted dose is a common clinical presentation. This may lead to additional testing for LT4 malabsorption or poor LT4 adherence, the latter of which is challenging to confirm because it is predicated on accurate patient accountability.

    CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old lady, post-radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease remained euthyroid for a year on oral LT4. Two years later, she was clinically and biochemically hypothyroid despite claiming LT4 compliance. As all laboratory investigations were within the reference range, pseudomalabsorption was suspected and a LT4 absorption test was done. During the test, her free thyroxine increased significantly at 4 hours, reaching a peak of more than 50% from baseline while TSH decreased appropriately from 0 minute to 360 minutes. This was followed by normalisation of TSH with LT4 treatment under direct observation.

    DISCUSSION: The LT4 absorption test is a prompt and economical means to rule out true malabsorption, decrease unwarranted subspecialty referrals and validate the weight-adjusted LT4 dose reduction.

    Matched MeSH terms: Graves Disease/drug therapy
  2. Hussein Z, Tress B, Colman PG
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jun;60(2):232-6.
    PMID: 16114168
    Thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease is a relatively common endocrine disorder. The occurrence of a prolactinoma with co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) is on the other hand, rare. We report the rare co-existence of Graves' disease in a patient with macroprolactinoma and GH hypersecretion and describe the successful response to medical therapy with dopamine agonist and antithyroid therapy. We hypothesize that hyperprolactinaemia played a role in promoting autoimmune thyroid disease in our patient and that treatment of hyperprolactinaemia may have been important in suppressing autoimmune disease activity in Graves' disease. This case also reflects on the close and complex interactions between thyroid hormones, prolactin (PRL), GH and testosterone (T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Graves Disease/drug therapy
  3. Ng ML, Tan TT, Roslan BA, Rajna A, Khalid BA
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1993 Jul;22(4):569-72.
    PMID: 7504901
    We evaluated the usefulness of sensitive thyrotrophin hormone (TSH) measurements in determining the thyroid status in the follow-up of Graves' patients undergoing medical treatment with thionamides. Out of a total of 186 serum samples tested, TSH levels were suppressed in 123 (66.1%), normal in 32 (17.2%) and elevated in 31 (16.7%) cases. Total T4, or T3 or both were elevated only in 97 (74.8%) cases of TSH-suppressed patients, indicating that TSH is less discriminatory as a first-line test for patients under treatment due to the hypothalamic-pituitary lag period. No comparisons with free T4 or free T3 were done in this study. Both total T4 (120 +/- 28 nmol/l) and TBII (23 +/- 21%) levels were significantly greater (p < 0.02) in the euthyroid group with suppressed TSH. This may suggest that persistence of a thyrotoxic state may still be present.
    Matched MeSH terms: Graves Disease/drug therapy
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