METHODS: Patients with an admission diagnosis of suspected or confirmed infection and fulfilling at least two criteria for severe inflammatory response syndrome were included in this study. Patients' characteristics, vital signs, and laboratory values were used to identify prognostic factors for mortality. A scoring system was derived and validated. The primary outcome was the 28-day mortality rate.

RESULTS: A total of 440 patients were included in the study. The 28-day hospital mortality rate was 32.4 and 25.2% for the derivation (293 patients) and validation (147 patients) sets, respectively. Factors associated with a higher mortality were immune-suppressed state (odds ratio 4.7; 95% confidence interval 2.0-11.4), systolic blood pressure on arrival less than 90 mmHg (3.8; 1.7-8.3), body temperature less than 36.0°C (4.1; 1.3-12.9), oxygen saturation less than 90% (2.3; 1.1-4.8), hematocrit less than 0.38 (3.1; 1.6-5.9), blood pH less than 7.35 (2.0; 1.04-3.9), lactate level more than 2.4 mmol/l (2.27; 1.2-4.2), and pneumonia as the source of infection (2.7; 1.5-5.0). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (0.75-0.86) in the derivation and 0.81 (0.73-0.90) in the validation set. The SPEED (sepsis patient evaluation in the emergency department) score performed better (P=0.02) than the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score when applied to the complete study population with an area under the curve of 0.81 (0.76-0.85) as compared with 0.74 (0.70-0.79).

MATERIALS: We recruited consecutively adult patients with SIRS admitted to an intensive care unit. They were divided into sepsis and noninfectious SIRS based on clinical assessment with or without positive cultures. Concentrations of PCT and IL-6 were measured daily over the first 3 days.

RESULTS: A total of 239 patients were recruited, 164 (68.6%) had sepsis, and 68 (28.5%) died in hospital. The PCT levels were higher in sepsis compared with noninfectious SIRS throughout the 3-day period (P < .0001). On admission, PCT concentration was diagnostic of sepsis (area under the curve of 0.63 [0.55-0.71]), and IL-6 was predictive of mortality, (area under the curve of 0.70 [0.62-0.78]). Peak IL-6 concentration improved the risk assessment of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for prediction of mortality among those who went on to die by an average of 5% and who did not die by 2%

METHODS: This is a prospective observational study on patients with SIRS. Plasma creatinine (pCr) and NGAL were measured on ICU admission. Patients were classified according to the occurrence of AKI and sepsis.