Affiliations 

  • 1 Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8562, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: gopis11@gmail.com
  • 2 Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: tangth@amdi.usm.edi.my
  • 3 Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
  • 5 Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8562, Ibaraki, Japan
Biosens Bioelectron, 2014 Nov 15;61:357-69.
PMID: 24912036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.024

Abstract

Influenza viruses, which are RNA viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, cause respiratory diseases in birds and mammals. With seasonal epidemics, influenza spreads all over the world, resulting in pandemics that cause millions of deaths. Emergence of various types and subtypes of influenza, such as H1N1 and H7N9, requires effective surveillance to prevent their spread and to develop appropriate anti-influenza vaccines. Diagnostic probes such as glycans, aptamers, and antibodies now allow discrimination among the influenza strains, including new subtypes. Several sensors have been developed based on these probes, efforts made to augment influenza detection. Herein, we review the currently available sensing strategies to detect influenza viruses.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.