Microalgal remediation and valorisation of polluted wastewaters for zero-carbon circular bioeconomy

Goveas LC 1 , Nayak S 1 , Vinayagam R 2 , Loke Show P 3 , Selvaraj R 4

Affiliations 

  • 1 Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka 574110, India
  • 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
  • 3 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
  • 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. Electronic address: raja.s@manipal.edu
Bioresour Technol, 2022 Dec;365:128169.
PMID: 36283661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128169

Abstract

Overexploitation of natural resources to meet human needs has considerably impacted CO2 emissions, contributing to global warming and severe climatic change. This review furnishes an understanding of the sources, brutality, and effects of CO2 emissions and compelling requirements for metamorphosis from a linear to a circular bioeconomy. A detailed emphasis on microalgae, its types, properties, and cultivation are explained with significance in attaining a zero-carbon circular bioeconomy. Microalgal treatment of a variety of wastewaters with the conversion of generated biomass into value-added products such as bio-energy and pharmaceuticals, along with agricultural products is elaborated. Challenges encountered in large-scale implementation of microalgal technologies for low-carbon circular bioeconomy are discussed along with solutions and future perceptions. Emphasis on the suitability of microalgae in wastewater treatment and its conversion into alternate low-carbon footprint bio-energies and value-added products enforcing a zero-carbon circular bioeconomy is the major focus of this review.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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