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Urinary 8-OHdG level is not affected by geography and trace elements in nail of residents of Addis Ababa: It is shaped by interactions between different social factors

Dessie BK 1 , Mehari B 2 , Tefera M 2 , Osman M 3 , Tsegaye Y 4 , Gari SR 1 Show all authors , Desta AF 5 , Melaku S 6 , Alamirew T 1 , Goodson ML 7 , Walsh CL 8 , Zeleke G 9 , Mihret A 3

Affiliations 

  • 1 Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
  • 2 College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 3 Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 4 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Ethiopia
  • 5 Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
  • 6 Department of Chemistry, Columbus State University, 4225 University Avenue Columbus, GA 31907, USA
  • 7 Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, 79200 Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
  • 8 School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
  • 9 Water and Land Resource Centre, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Toxicol Rep, 2022;9:1777-1787.
PMID: 36518487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.006

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between exposure to heavy metals and oxidative DNA damage among residents living in the potentially more polluted downstream (Akaki-Kality) area of Addis Ababa, in comparison to the upstream area (Gullele). For this, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage and heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, As) as indicators of exposure. The concentrations of heavy metals in nails were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and 8-OHdG in urine using Enzyme-Linked with Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), from 95 residents of the two areas, upstream and downstream. The urinary 8-OHdG concentration was not significantly different (p = 0.05) between the two Sub-Cities, with mean of 18.50 ± 4.37 ng/mg Creatinine in Akaki-Kality and 17.30 ± 5.83 ng/mg Creatinine in Gullele. Also, there were no statistically significant (p = 0.05) difference among the different demographic groups according to gender, age, educational status, body mass index or habit of alcohol consumption. However, the interactions of sex with age, sex with alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption with education were found to affect the urinary 8-OHdG levels of residents of the two Sub-Cities. The mean concentrations (µg/g) of the elements were 488 and 1035 for Fe, 106 and 251 for Zn, 13.0 and 31.2 for Mn, 5.23 and 6.63 for Cu, 11.2 and 7.39 for Ni, 2.23 and 2.02 for Cr, 0.09 and 0.63 for Pb; and 0.16 and 0.25 for As, in nail samples from Akaki-Kality and Gullele, respectively. The determined concentrations of the heavy metals in nails were not significantly associated (p = 0.05) with the corresponding urinary levels of 8-OHdG. Hence, the observed 8-OHdG might have been caused by environmental exposure to toxic substances other than the analyzed heavy metals.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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