Removal of chloride ion from drinking water using Ag NPs-Modified bentonite: Characterization and optimization of effective parameters by response surface methodology-central composite design

Moradi H 1 , Sabbaghi S 2 , Mirbagheri NS 3 , Chen P 4 , Rasouli K 5 , Kamyab H 6 Show all authors , Chelliapan S 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Nano Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
  • 2 Department of Nano Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Drilling Nano Fluid Laboratory, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: sabbaghi@shirazu.ac.ir
  • 3 Drilling Nano Fluid Laboratory, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
  • 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 5 Drilling Nano Fluid Laboratory, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
  • 6 Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: hesam_kamyab@yahoo.com
  • 7 Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Environ Res, 2023 Apr 15;223:115484.
PMID: 36775091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115484

Abstract

The presence of chloride ion as an environmental pollutant is having a devastating and irreversible effect on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To ensure safe and clean drinking water, it is vital to remove this substance using non-toxic and eco-friendly methods. This study presents a novel and highly efficient Ag NPs-modified bentonite adsorbent for removing chloride ion, a common environmental pollutant, from drinking water using a facile approach. The surface chemical properties and morphology of the pristine Na-bentonite and Ag NPs-Modified bentonite were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and zeta potential (ζ). To achieve maximum chloride ion removal, the effects of experimental parameters, including adsorbent dosage (1-9 g/L), chloride ion concentration (100-900 mg/L), and reaction time (5-25 h), were examined using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The chloride ion removal of 90% was obtained at optimum conditions (adsorbent dosage: 7 g/L, chloride ion concentration: 500 mg/L, and reaction time: 20 h). The adsorption isotherm and kinetics results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics were found suitable to chloride ion removal. Additionally, the regeneration and reusability of the Ag NPs-modified bentonite were further studied. In the regeneration and reusability study, the Ag NPs-modified bentonite has shown consistently ≥90% and ≥87% chloride ion removal even up to 2 repeated cycles, separately. Thus, the findings in this study provided convincing evidence for using Ag-NPs modified bentonite as a high-efficiency and promising adsorbent to remove chloride ion from drinking water.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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