Affiliations 

  • 1 Department, Preparatory Year College, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Department of Physics and Chemistry, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 Chemistry Department, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109, Al-7 Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. aj.ahmad@psau.edu.sa
  • 5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Materials Technology Research Group (MaTRec), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
PMID: 37632620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29430-8

Abstract

The benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) is one of the most efficient types of bioelectrochemical fuel cell systems. Modern bioelectrochemical fuel cells have several drawbacks, including an unstable organic substrate and a microorganism-unfriendly atmosphere. The recent literature to encounter such issues is one of the emerging talks. Researchers are focusing on the utilization of biomass and waste to encounter such challenges and make the technique more feasible at the pilot scale. This study investigated the combination of local bakery waste as an organic substrate with lignocellulosic biomass material. The whole experiment was conducted for 45 days. At an external resistance of 1000 ῼ and an internal resistance of 677 ῼ, the power density was found to be 3.51 mW/m2. Similarly, for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, and Co2+, the degradation efficiency was 84.40%, 81.21%, 80%, 89.50%, and 86.0%, respectively. The bacterial identification results showed that Liquorilactobacillus nagelii, Proteus mirabilis, Pectobacterium punjabense, and Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis are the most prominent species found on anode biofilm. The method of electron generation in this study, which includes the degradation of metal ions, is also well described. Lastly, optimising the parameters showed that pH 7 provides a feasible environment for operation. A few future suggestions for practical steps are enclosed for the research community.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.