Fundamental properties of smart hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A review

Khan MUA 1 , Stojanović GM 2 , Abdullah MFB 3 , Dolatshahi-Pirouz A 4 , Marei HE 5 , Ashammakhi N 6 Show all authors , Hasan A 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Electronic address: umar007khan@gmail.com
  • 2 Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
  • 3 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Electronic address: mohdfaizalkk@usm.my
  • 4 Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
  • 5 Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  • 6 Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: n.ashammakhi@ucla.edu
  • 7 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jan;254(Pt 3):127882.
PMID: 37951446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127882

Abstract

Tissue engineering is an advanced and potential biomedical approach to treat patients suffering from lost or failed an organ or tissue to repair and regenerate damaged tissues that increase life expectancy. The biopolymers have been used to fabricate smart hydrogels to repair damaged tissue as they imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) with intricate structural and functional characteristics. These hydrogels offer desired and controllable qualities, such as tunable mechanical stiffness and strength, inherent adaptability and biocompatibility, swellability, and biodegradability, all crucial for tissue engineering. Smart hydrogels provide a superior cellular environment for tissue engineering, enabling the generation of cutting-edge synthetic tissues due to their special qualities, such as stimuli sensitivity and reactivity. Numerous review articles have presented the exceptional potential of hydrogels for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. Still, it is essential to write a comprehensive review article on smart hydrogels that successfully addresses the essential challenging issues in tissue engineering. Hence, the recent development on smart hydrogel for state-of-the-art tissue engineering conferred progress, highlighting significant challenges and future perspectives. This review discusses recent advances in smart hydrogels fabricated from biological macromolecules and their use for advanced tissue engineering. It also provides critical insight, emphasizing future research directions and progress in tissue engineering.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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