Bousquet J 1 , Schünemann HJ 2 , Sousa-Pinto B 3 , Zuberbier T 4 , Togias A 5 , Samolinski B 6 Show all authors , Bedbrook A 7 , Czarlewski W 8 , Hofmann-Apitius M 9 , Litynska J 10 , Vieira RJ 3 , Anto JM 11 , Fonseca JA 3 , Brozek J 12 , Bognanni A 13 , Brussino L 14 , Canonica GW 15 , Cherrez-Ojeda I 16 , Cruz AA 17 , Vecillas LL 18 , Dykewicz M 19 , Gemicioglu B 20 , Giovannini M 21 , Haahtela T 22 , Jacobs M 9 , Jacomelli C 23 , Klimek L 24 , Kvedariene V 25 , Larenas-Linnemann DE 26 , Louis G 27 , Lourenço O 28 , Leemann L 29 , Morais-Almeida M 30 , Neves AL 31 , Nadeau KC 32 , Nowak A 10 , Palamarchuk Y 33 , Palkonen S 34 , Papadopoulos NG 35 , Parmelli E 15 , Pereira AM 36 , Pfaar O 37 , Regateiro FS 38 , Savouré M 39 , Taborda-Barata L 40 , Toppila-Salmi SK 41 , Torres MJ 42 , Valiulis A 43 , Ventura MT 44 , Williams S 45 , Yepes-Nuñez JJ 46 , Yorgancioglu A 47 , Zhang L 48 , Zuberbier J 49 , Abdul Latiff AH 50 , Abdullah B 51 , Agache I 52 , Al-Ahmad M 53 , Al-Nesf MA 54 , Al Shaikh NA 55 , Amaral R 56 , Ansotegui IJ 57 , Asllani J 58 , Balotro-Torres MC 59 , Bergmann KC 60 , Bernstein JA 61 , Bindslev-Jensen C 62 , Blaiss MS 63 , Bonaglia C 64 , Bonini M 65 , Bossé I 66 , Braido F 67 , Caballero-Fonseca F 68 , Camargos P 69 , Carreiro-Martins P 70 , Casale T 71 , Castillo-Vizuete JA 72 , Cecchi L 73 , Teixeira MDC 74 , Chang YS 75 , Loureiro CC 76 , Christoff G 77 , Ciprandi G 78 , Cirule I 79 , Correia-de-Sousa J 80 , Costa EM 81 , Cvetkovski B 82 , de Vries G 83 , Del Giacco S 84 , Devillier P 85 , Dokic D 86 , Douagui H 87 , Durham SR 88 , Enecilla ML 89 , Fiocchi A 90 , Fokkens WJ 91 , Fontaine JF 92 , Gawlik R 93 , Gereda JE 94 , Gil-Mata S 3 , Giuliano AF 95 , Gotua M 96 , Gradauskiene B 97 , Guzman MA 98 , Hossny E 99 , Hrubiško M 100 , Iinuma T 101 , Irani C 102 , Ispayeva Z 103 , Ivancevich JC 104 , Jartti T 105 , Jeseňák M 106 , Julge K 107 , Jutel M 108 , Kaidashev I 109 , Bennoor KS 110 , Khaltaev N 111 , Kirenga B 112 , Kraxner H 113 , Kull I 114 , Kulus M 115 , Kuna P 116 , Kupczyk M 116 , Kurchenko A 117 , La Grutta S 118 , Lane S 119 , Miculinic N 120 , Lee SM 121 , Le Thi Tuyet L 122 , Lkhagvaa B 123 , Louis R 124 , Mahboub B 125 , Makela M 22 , Makris M 126 , Maurer M 60 , Melén E 114 , Milenkovic B 127 , Mohammad Y 128 , Moniuszko M 129 , Montefort S 130 , Moreira A 131 , Moreno P 132 , Mullol J 133 , Nadif R 134 , Nakonechna A 135 , Navarro-Locsin CG 136 , Neffen HE 137 , Nekam K 138 , Niedoszytko M 139 , Nunes E 140 , Nyembue D 141 , O'Hehir R 142 , Ollert M 143 , Ohta K 144 , Okamoto Y 145 , Okubo K 146 , Olze H 49 , Padukudru MA 147 , Palomares O 148 , Pali-Schöll I 149 , Panzner P 150 , Palosuo K 151 , Park HS 152 , Passalacqua G 153 , Patella V 154 , Pawankar R 155 , Pétré B 27 , Pitsios C 156 , Plavec D 157 , Popov TA 158 , Puggioni F 159 , Quirce S 18 , Raciborski F 6 , Ramonaité A 160 , Recto M 161 , Repka-Ramirez S 162 , Roberts G 163 , Robles-Velasco K 16 , Roche N 164 , Rodriguez-Gonzalez M 165 , Romualdez JA 166 , Rottem M 167 , Rouadi PW 168 , Salapatas M 169 , Sastre J 170 , Serpa FS 171 , Sayah Z 172 , Scichilone N 173 , Senna G 174 , Sisul JC 175 , Solé D 176 , Soto-Martinez ME 177 , Sova M 178 , Sozinova O 179 , Stevanovic K 60 , Ulrik CS 180 , Szylling A 6 , Tan FM 181 , Tantilipikorn P 182 , Todo-Bom A 183 , Tomic-Spiric V 184 , Tsaryk V 117 , Tsiligianni I 185 , Urrutia-Pereira M 186 , Rostan MV 187 , Sofiev M 33 , Valovirta E 188 , Van Eerd M 83 , Van Ganse E 189 , Vasankari T 190 , Vichyanond P 191 , Viegi G 192 , Wallace D 193 , Wang Y 194 , Waserman S 195 , Wong G 196 , Worm M 197 , Yusuf OM 198 , Zaitoun F 199 , Zidarn M 200

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; ARIA, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: jean.bousquet@orange.fr
  • 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
  • 3 MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE- Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 4 Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, US
  • 6 Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • 7 ARIA, Montpellier, France
  • 8 ARIA, Montpellier, France; Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
  • 9 Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Bonn, Germany
  • 10 Evidence Prime, Kracow, Poland; Gynecological and Obstetrician Polyclinic, District Hospital, Białystok, Poland
  • 11 ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
  • 12 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 13 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, Evidence in Allergy group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 14 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
  • 15 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
  • 16 Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador; Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
  • 17 Fundaçao ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
  • 18 Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
  • 19 Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
  • 20 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and Institute of Pulmonology & Tuberculosis, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 21 Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
  • 22 Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 23 'Respiriamo Insieme' association, Padova, Italy
  • 24 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
  • 25 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • 26 Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico
  • 27 Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
  • 28 Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS - UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
  • 29 Department of Political Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switerland
  • 30 Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 31 Global Digital Health Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
  • 32 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • 33 Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
  • 34 EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Brussels, Belgium
  • 35 Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 36 MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; PaCeIT - Patient Centered Innovation and Technologies, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Allergy Unit, Instituto and Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal
  • 37 Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
  • 38 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
  • 39 Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
  • 40 Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal; UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
  • 41 Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and the North Savo wellbeing services county, Kuopio, Finland
  • 42 Allergy Unit, Málaga Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Malaga University, ARADyAL, Malaga, Spain
  • 43 Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Clinic of Asthma, Allergy, and Chronic Lung Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • 44 Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy
  • 45 International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Edinburgh, Scotland
  • 46 School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Pulmonology Service, Internal Medicine Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, University Hospital, Bogotá,DC, Colombia
  • 47 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
  • 48 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital and Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
  • 49 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  • 50 Allergy & Immunology Centre, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 51 Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
  • 52 Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
  • 53 Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
  • 54 Adult Allergy and Immunology Division - Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 55 Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Department, Mouwasat Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 56 MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE- Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • 57 Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
  • 58 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
  • 59 Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
  • 60 Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
  • 61 Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
  • 62 Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
  • 63 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
  • 64 Institute "Bona Sforza", University for Linguistic Mediators, Bari, Italy
  • 65 Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurological, ENT and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 66 Allergist, La Rochelle, France
  • 67 Respiratory Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
  • 68 Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
  • 69 Federal University of Minas Gerais, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • 70 NOVA Medical School/Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central / ULS São José, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 71 Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FLA, USA
  • 72 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain; The Group of Rhinitis, Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps, Area of Asthma, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain
  • 73 SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
  • 74 Dr Agostinho Neto University hospital, Praia, Cabo Verde; Immunology, Cabo Verde University, Faculty of Medicine, Praia, Cabo Verde
  • 75 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
  • 76 Department of Pneumology, Coimbra University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, CIBB, Coimbra, Portugal
  • 77 Sofia Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 78 Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genova, Italy
  • 79 Latvian Association of Allergists, University Children Hospital, Riga, Latvia
  • 80 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
  • 81 CINTESIS@RISE, Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 82 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
  • 83 Peercode BV, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands
  • 84 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
  • 85 VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
  • 86 University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy, Medical Faculty Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
  • 87 Service de Pneumo-Allergologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria
  • 88 Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 89 St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
  • 90 Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
  • 91 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
  • 92 CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires et Allergiques, Reims, France
  • 93 Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
  • 94 Clínica Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
  • 95 Department of Internal Medicine 'A. Murri' and Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
  • 96 Center of Allergy and Immunology, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 97 Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
  • 98 Immunology and Allergy Division, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
  • 99 Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 100 Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Oncology Institute of St Elisabeth, Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 101 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
  • 102 Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, St Joseph University, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
  • 103 Kazakh National Medical University, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • 104 Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 105 Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  • 106 Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 107 Tartu University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Children's Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
  • 108 Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 109 Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
  • 110 Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 111 Global NCD Platform, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 112 Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
  • 113 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 114 Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sach´s Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 115 Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • 116 Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  • 117 Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • 118 Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
  • 119 Respiratory Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Respiratory Physician & Allergist, Professorial Respiratory Centre, Tallaght University Hospital & Peamount Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
  • 120 Croatian Pulmonary Society, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 121 Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
  • 122 Asthma, COPD Outpatient Care Unit, University Medical Center, Hô-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam
  • 123 Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
  • 124 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
  • 125 Rashid Hospital, DUBAI health, Dubai, UAE; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
  • 126 Allergy Unit "D Kalogeromitros", 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
  • 127 Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbian Association for Asthma and COPD, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 128 National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Collaborating with WHO- EMRO Tishreen University School of Medicine, Latakia, Syria.; Al- Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria
  • 129 Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
  • 130 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta
  • 131 EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal; Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 132 Fundaler, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 133 Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, FRCB-IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • 134 Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
  • 135 Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  • 136 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Division of Surgery, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
  • 137 Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Santa Fe, Argentina
  • 138 Hungarian Allergy Association, Budapest, Hungary
  • 139 Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
  • 140 Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Medicine, Maputo, Mozambique
  • 141 ENT Department, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • 142 Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 143 Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
  • 144 Japan Antituberculosis Association (JATA), Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  • 145 Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
  • 146 Deparment of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
  • 147 Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER Mysuru, Karnataka, India
  • 148 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 149 Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 150 Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
  • 151 Department of Allergology, University of Helsinki and Hospital for Skin and Allergic Diseases, Helsinki, Finland
  • 152 Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  • 153 Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  • 154 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Speranza" Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy; Agency of Health ASL, Salerno, Italy; Postgraduate Programme in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
  • 155 Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
  • 156 Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 157 Prima Nova, Zagreb, Croatia; Medical Faculty, University JJ Strossmayer of Osijek, Osijek Croatia
  • 158 Clinic of Occupational Diseases, University Hospital Sveti Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 159 IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Personalized medicine Asthma & Allergy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
  • 160 Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Klaipeda National Hospital, Klaipeda, Lithuania; Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • 161 Division of Adult and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines- Philippines General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
  • 162 Department of Allergy, Clinics Hospital, National University, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
  • 163 Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
  • 164 Pneumologie, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
  • 165 Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Espanol de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 166 Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
  • 167 Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
  • 168 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait
  • 169 ARIA, Athens, Greece
  • 170 Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
  • 171 Asthma Reference Center - School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
  • 172 SMAIC Société Marocaine d'Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Rabat, Morocco
  • 173 PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • 174 Asthma-Allergy Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
  • 175 Clínica Sisul, Allergy & Asthma, Medical Director, CLINICA SISUL, FACAAI, SPAAI, Asuncion, Paraguay
  • 176 Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 177 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • 178 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
  • 179 Head of Laboratory of Atmospheric processes and Aerobiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
  • 180 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 181 Department of Pediatrics, Victor R Potenciano Medical Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines
  • 182 Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 183 Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
  • 184 Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 185 International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Aberdeen, Scotland; Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
  • 186 FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
  • 187 Pediatrics, Allergy & Immunology, Latín American Society of Allergy, Asthma & immunology (SLAAi), Montevideo, Uruguay
  • 188 Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  • 189 Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Pneumologie et Medicine Respiratoire, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
  • 190 FiLHA, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  • 191 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 192 Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
  • 193 Nova Southeastern University, College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
  • 194 Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
  • 195 Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
  • 196 Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
  • 197 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Allergy and Venerology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  • 198 The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 199 Lebanese-American University, Clemenceau Medical Center DHCC, Dubai, UAE
  • 200 University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
PMID: 38971567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.040

Abstract

The traditional healthcare model is focused on diseases (medicine and natural science) and does not acknowledge patients' resources and abilities to be experts in their own life based on their lived experiences. Improving healthcare safety, quality and coordination, as well as quality of life, are important aims in the care of patients with chronic conditions. Person-centred care needs to ensure that people's values and preferences guide clinical decisions. This paper reviews current knowledge to develop (i) digital care pathways for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity and (ii) digitally-enabled person-centred care (1). It combines all relevant research evidence, including the so-called real-world evidence, with the ultimate goal to develop digitally-enabled, patient-centred care. The paper includes (i) Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), a two-decade journey, (ii) Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the evidence-based model of guidelines in airway diseases, (iii) mHealth impact on airway diseases, (iv) from guidelines to digital care pathways, (v) embedding Planetary Health, (vi) novel classification of rhinitis and asthma, (vi) embedding real-life data with population-based studies, (vii) the ARIA-EAACI strategy for the management of airway diseases using digital biomarkers, (viii) Artificial Intelligence, (ix) the development of digitally-enabled ARIA Person-Centred Care and (x) the political agenda. The ultimate goal is to propose ARIA 2024 guidelines centred around the patient in order to make them more applicable and sustainable.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.