A new methylbutyric acid derivative penianoic acid A (1), along with fifteen known compounds (2-16), was isolated and identified from the culture extract of Penicillium polonicum M-3 sourced from Malaysian mangrove root soil. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of NMR and MS data and quantum chemical calculations of ECD and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis). The isolated compounds were evaluated for pro-angiogenesis activity using zebrafish in vivo model. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6-10, and 12-15 showed potent in pro-angiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish.
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