OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify and evaluate instruments used to measure pharmacy students' knowledge of HIV prophylaxis, focusing on both Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Understanding these educational tools is essential for improving knowledge in health promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase. Article screening was independently performed by two reviewers. Studies assessing pharmacy students' knowledge of HIV prophylaxis were included. Data were extracted and organized into two categories: study characteristics (author, year, country, objectives, design, sample size, duration, and outcomes) and instrument characteristics (authors, year, country, instrument name, objective, description, type of assessment, mode of assessment, validation processes, and experimental phase).
RESULTS: Eight studies were identified, including one from Malaysia and seven from the United States, involving 1,797 students. All studies employed cross-sectional designs, and only one assessed knowledge retention through an intervention. Eight assessment instruments were identified: six focused on PrEP, one on PEP, and one on both. Some studies demonstrated substantial knowledge and confidence in PrEP, but significant gaps were found in PEP awareness, access to prophylaxis, and familiarity with prescribing guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a notable shortage of assessment tools for PEP. Further research is needed to develop validated instruments that measure knowledge and address educational gaps. Longitudinal studies with pre- and post-tests are crucial to evaluate educational interventions and enhance pharmacy students' preparedness for HIV prophylaxis.
* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.