Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Type 8: A Narrative Review

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8 (ALS8) is a rare familial subtype of ALS caused by mutations in the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) gene, particularly the p.P56S mutation. It is distinguished by slower disease progression and an earlier onset compared to sporadic ALS forms, along with unique clinical features such as severe cramping, fasciculations, postural tremors, and cognitive and behavioral impairments. Although current pharmacological options, such as riluzole, edaravone, and sodium phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol, provide modest benefits, they fail to address the underlying genetic mechanisms of ALS8. Emerging gene therapies, RNA-based interventions, and stem cell approaches hold promise for precision-targeted treatments but face challenges in clinical application. Symptom management strategies, including respiratory, nutritional, and psychological support, are crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Despite significant progress in understanding the genetic and molecular pathogenesis of ALS8, its rarity, phenotypic variability, and limited clinical data pose challenges to therapeutic advancements. This narrative review highlights current therapeutic strategies, the unique clinical trajectory of ALS8, and potential pathways for innovative, subtype-specific interventions, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary and targeted approaches to optimize care for this distinct ALS subtype.