Gadolinium (Gd)-based nanostructures as dual-armoured materials for microbial therapy and cancer theranostics

Jafar NNA 1 , Abd Hamid J 2 , M A Altalbawy F 3 , Sharma P 4 , Kumar A 5 , Shomurotova S 6 Show all authors , Jihad Albadr R 7 , Atiyah Altameemi KK 8 , Mahdi Saleh H 9 , Alajeeli F 10 , Mohammed Ahmed A 11 , Ahmad I 12 , Dawood II 13

Affiliations 

  • 1 AL-Zahraa University for Women, College of Health and Medical Technology, Kerbala, Iraq
  • 2 Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, India
  • 5 School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
  • 6 Department of Chemistry Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • 7 Pharmacy College, Ahl al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq
  • 8 Faculty of Pharmacy/Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
  • 9 Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
  • 10 Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
  • 11 Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq
  • 12 Central Labs, King Khalid University, AlQura'a, Saudi Arabia
  • 13 Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq
J Microencapsul, 2025 Feb 24.
PMID: 39992246 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2025.2469259

Abstract

Gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles hold significant promise in medical theranostics due to their unique properties. This review outlines the synthesis, characterisation, and applications of Gd nanostructures in combating microbial threats and advancing cancer theragnostic strategies. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation, microemulsion, and laser ablation are discussed, alongside TEM, SEM, and magnetic characterisation. The antimicrobial efficacy of Gd nanostructures, their potential in combination therapy, and promising anticancer mechanisms are explored. Biocompatibility, toxicity, and regulatory considerations are also evaluated. Challenges, future perspectives, and emerging trends in Gd nanostructure research are highlighted, emphasising their transformative potential in medical applications.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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